College of Law and Governance Studies

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Browsing College of Law and Governance Studies by Subject "accessibility"

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    The Human Right to Water in Ethiopia: The Case of Badusa Betela Community
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-01) Tekle, Misrak; Jibril, Abdi (PhD)
    This study examines the Human Right to Water (HRW) in Badusa Betela community. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative approach to examine the level of realization of HRW, the corresponding state duties, challenges and prospects of the HRW and the impact of the HRW on some selected socio-economic and civil rights. Both primary and secondary data which are collected through semi-structured interview, focus group discussion, key informant interview, household survey, document review, case study and direct field observations were utilized. The study reveals that the core minimum requirements of the three normative contents of the HRW (i.e availability, accessibility and quality) which the state parties are required to achieve immediately are below the standard in the study area. This is because the measures taken by the government in collaboration with civil society have not been successful. The study also reveals that the state as well as non-state actors is involved in the realization of the HRW in the community but the measures taken have not been successful. As a result the HRW for this community become a dream. Lack of water has negative impact on the right to food, work, education, freedom of religion and rights of women and children. There are also measures that are undertaken and planed to be implemented for the realization of HRW. Challenges for the realization out weight its prospects. Therefore, the state should cooperate with civil society and implement a sustainable project on water services and facilities to achieve the core minimum obligation as soon as possible. It should enhance the level of HRW in this community by reducing the challenges and increasing the prospects. The study also reveals that Water, Mineral and Energy Bureau at Woreda level has budget and skilled human power deficiency. Therefore, government and other stakeholders should reconsider budget allocation and supply of technical support to ensure sustainable water supply and facilities for the community. This will result in multi-dimensional improvement in human rights of individuals in the community. Key Words: Human Right to Water, Core Minimum obligation, availability, accessibility, quality and Bedusa Betela Community.
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    The Human Right to Water in Ethiopia: The Case of Badusa Betela Community
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-07) Tekle, Misrak; Jibril, Abdi (PhD)
    This study examines the Human Right to Water (HRW) in Badusa Betela community. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative approach to examine the level of realization of HRW, the corresponding state duties, challenges and prospects of the HRW and the impact of the HRW on some selected socio-economic and civil rights. Both primary and secondary data which are collected through semi-structured interview, focus group discussion, key informant interview, household survey, document review, case study and direct field observations were utilized. The study reveals that the core minimum requirements of the three normative contents of the HRW (i.e availability, accessibility and quality) which the state parties are required to achieve immediately are below the standard in the study area. This is because the measures taken by the government in collaboration with civil society have not been successful. The study also reveals that the state as well as non-state actors is involved in the realization of the HRW in the community but the measures taken have not been successful. As a result the HRW for this community become a dream. Lack of water has negative impact on the right to food, work, education, freedom of religion and rights of women and children. There are also measures that are undertaken and planed to be implemented for the realization of HRW. Challenges for the realization out weight its prospects. Therefore, the state should cooperate with civil society and implement a sustainable project on water services and facilities to achieve the core minimum obligation as soon as possible. It should enhance the level of HRW in this community by reducing the challenges and increasing the prospects. The study also reveals that Water, Mineral and Energy Bureau at Woreda level has budget and skilled human power deficiency. Therefore, government and other stakeholders should reconsider budget allocation and supply of technical support to ensure sustainable water supply and facilities for the community. This will result in multi-dimensional improvement in human rights of individuals in the community. Key Words: Human Right to Water, Core Minimum obligation, availability, accessibility, quality and Bedusa Betela Community.
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    Inclusive Banking Service for the Visually Impaired in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Takele, Yohannes; M., Tewodros (Associate Professor)
    The importance of developing a constraint-free and inclusive banking service has already been recognized by the banking industry. However, in Ethiopia, numerous banking services are still plagued by exclusion or restriction of visually impaired persons, which can frequently be traced to extreme lack of knowledge of assistive technologies on the part of banks, ill-treatment of visually impaired customers, and absence of sufficient legal framework and improper application of existing laws. Visually impaired persons are denied by banks, for example, of their right to use various banking services such as mobile banking, internet banking, ATM banking, check account and the likes on an equal basis with others. Even if some banking services such as deposit and withdrawal of cash seem equally open for visually impaired persons as well, the way they are rendered by banks is immoral, unsafe and deprives visually impaired customers of the right to privacy. There are, of course, many reasons for which any person cannot access a bank; for example, a person may fail to visit banks due to insufficient fund attitude, distance, and cost of service, lack of documentation, distrust and religion.1 Visually impaired individuals do however become unable to access banks not only because of those mentioned herein above but also non-adoption of assistive technologies, little knowledge/awareness on the part of banks, absence of adequate legal framework and misuse/misunderstanding of the existing laws in connection with inclusive banking services. Key words: visually impaired, accessibility, discrimination, banking service and screen reader