Civics Education

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The Challenges of Local Council in Promoting Good Governance: The Case of Dalocha Wereda, Silte Zone, Snnpr
(AAU, 2020) Nursebo, Yetmgeta; Adugna, Minale(Professor)
This study aimed to assess the challenges that Dalocha wereda council faced in promoting good governance in the wereda. Transparency and accountability which are the core dimensions of good governance had selected for the assessment since most complaint record in the wereda administrative concerned with the issue related to accountability and transparency. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher adopted descriptive research design along with cross sectional survey and relied on both primary and secondary data source. Primary data were collected from samples of selected Kebele dwellers (345) and council members (30) through questionnaire, interview and group discussion. Interviews were heled with 4 individuals viz. the chairperson and the leaders of the three standing committees. Secondary data were collected from pertinent sources like minutes and reports compiled by the council and others. Semi-structured interview was used for the councils’ chair persons and leaders of the standing committees. Group discussions having participant from the council and the kebele dwellers were held. Data were analyzed using percentage and frequencies, tabulation and the like. From the data analysis it was found that the issues of the transparency of the council in general and councilors in particular are very low as the council did not inform the public about the decision passed and the activity being carried out and the councilors’ relation with their constituency is weak; executive domination is soaring; and council is not responsive to the needs of the community; effort that the council attempted to promote its accountability is feeble; and most importantly the autonomy of the council is undermined and the council independently do not decide over most important issues of the woreda
The Challenges f Local Council In Promoting Good Governance: The Case of Dalocha Wereda, Silte Zone, Snnpr
(AAU, 2020) Nursebo Hamid, Yetmgeta; Adugna, Minale(Professor)
This study aimed to assess the challenges that Dalocha wereda council faced in promoting good governance in the wereda. Transparency and accountability which are the core dimensions of good governance had selected for the assessment since most complaint record in the wereda administrative concerned with the issue related to accountability and transparency. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher adopted descriptive research design along with cross sectional survey and relied on both primary and secondary data source. Primary data were collected from samples of selected Kebele dwellers (345) and council members (30) through questionnaire, interview and group discussion. Interviews were heled with 4 individuals viz. the chairperson and the leaders of the three standing committees. Secondary data were collected from pertinent sources like minutes and reports compiled by the council and others. Semi-structured interview was used for the councils’ chair persons and leaders of the standing committees. Group discussions having participant from the council and the kebele dwellers were held. Data were analyzed using percentage and frequencies, tabulation and the like. From the data analysis it was found that the issues of the transparency of the council in general and councilors in particular are very low as the council did not inform the public about the decision passed and the activity being carried out and the councilors’ relation with their constituency is weak; executive domination is soaring; and council is not responsive to the needs of the community; effort that the council attempted to promote its accountability is feeble; and most importantly the autonomy of the council is undermined and the council independently do not decide over most important issues of the woreda.
Teachers’ Production and Utilization of Instructional Materials in the Secondary School of Dera Woreda, North Showa, Oromia Regional state
(AAU, 2020) Ayalew, Hailu; Yimam, Wossenu(PhD
The purpose of this study is to investigate Teachers’ production and utilization of instructional materials in the secondary school of Dera woreda, North Showa, Oromiya Regional State. Both quantitative and qualitative data were gatsshered through questionnaire, interviews and observation using checklists. The data were collected from principals (9), teachers (100), students (346) and school pedagogical center facilitators (5). The analysis of the data was made using mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution and percentage. The findings of the study revealed that there is a great problem of teachers’ production and utilization of instructional materials in secondary school Dera woreda due to various factors. Although, most of the teachers in the sample schools believed that instructional materials are important for learning purpose, most of them were not properly using the pedagogical centers in their respective subjects. Besides, among the factors that affect the functions of pedagogical centers of schools were: lack of budget and material, trained man power in the centers, lack of the necessary facilities and enough rooms, lack of guide materials to organize and utilize the centers. Therefore, it was recommended that effective management that understands the roles of SPCs and that has commitment to its functions should be in place. Moreover, assigning skilled man power and adequate budget, preparing manuals and guidelines for the frontline practitioners and creating awareness on the functions of the SPCs for students, teachers, school principals and educational experts is crucia
Practice and Challenges of Good Governance in Local Governmant: The Case of Gasera Woreda, Bale Zone Oromia Regional State
(AAU, 2020) Demie, Nanu; Jima, Tesfaye(Ph.D
The study was to assess the practice and challenges of good governance local government in Gasera woreda, Bale Zone, Oromia Regional State. The research was conducted in Gasera woreda which was selected purposely. The specific objectives of the research were to assess the practice of good governance principles that exercised in local level, to explore the perception of service providers and community toward the practices and challenges of good governance in Gasera municipality office, to identify the determinant factors those affect the practices of the participation, accountability and transparency, effective and efficiently in relation to Gasera woreda administration and Come up with possible recommendations that help to curb the challenges of good governance. Among 20 woredas in Bale Zone, Gasera Woreda was selected purposely. Explanatory sequentially design was used for this study. To achieve the objectives of this research both qualitative and quantitative data were used. The respondents of the study were selected using simple random sampling and convenience technique. From total population of 368 respondents 104 residents of Gasera town and 36 from employers of town municipal and land management were used as a source of information for this study. Secondary data were collected from pertinent sources like institution reports, magazines, internet sources and others. Semi structured interview schedule was used for employees and service users and questionnaire was employed for officials to collect data from them. Data were analyzed using percentage and frequencies, tabulation, figure and the like. The finding of the study revealed poor practice of implementing Participation, accountability transparency and effective and efficiently of good governance in the town administration and land management. It also founded that the practice of good governance challenged by malfunction with, corruption, lack of commitment and bureaucrats skills and ethical problems, lack of capacity in the service providers disseminating information, accessibility of their institutions information, delivering a timely service and providing decision based on reasonable evidence had rarely practiced. Therefore, the study recommended that the studied sectors should mainly focus on the Participation, accountability, transparency and effective and efficiency.
Causes and Impacts of Marginalization of Manjo Clan in South Nation Nationalities and Peoples Region of Ethiopia: the case of Saylem Woreda in Kafa Zone
(AAU, 2020) Alemayehu, Agarasha; Paulos, Kidanemariam(PhD)
The main purpose of this study was to assess the causes and effects of marginalization of Manjo clan in Kafa Zone Saylem Woreda. Accordingly, the study employed descriptive survey design. The main sources of data for the study were three Kebeles that found in Saylem Woreda. In order to select the sample respondents, systematic random and purposive samplings were used. Thus, 280 respondents (126 Manjos and 154 non Manjos) were selected on the basis of systematic random sampling. Besides, eleven (11) people were selected through purposive sampling for interview. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using questionnaire and interview guide. The analysis of the quantitative data was carried out using percentage, mean and standard deviation while the qualitative data was analyzed using narration and theme building. The result of the study disclosed that the Manjos in the studied kebeles were marginalized and suffered from the effects of their marginalization. The findings also revealed that marginalization of Manjo was caused by their linage or descent, low occupational status, breaches of food taboo, contradictory cultural practice, hygiene problem and problem of characteristics. The study also depicted that the consequences of marginalization of Manjo clan were socio cultural (absence of social relation, denial of communality, prohibition of intermarriage, denial of burial process and denial of membership in community organizations), economic ( limitation of access to participate, absences of favorable working place, restriction of exchange in the market, limitation of products and engagement in less valued works) and political (limitation of opportunity to take part in and lack of their own representative). The study also founded that the possible strategies to reduce marginalization of Manjo were awareness creation, providing opportunity, empowerment and protection. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that the government agencies, religious institutions, NGO’s and local administrators in the study area should collaboratively work hard to reduce marginalization of Manjo clan and maintain health socio-cultural, economic and political relationship withManjo.
Rural Land Disputes and Its Socio-Economic Consequences in Amhara National Regional State: The Case of AndabetWoreda, South Gondar Administrative Zone
(AAU, 2020) Asefa Alemue, Yihunie; Mekonnen, Teferi(P
This study is aimed to assess the causes of rural farmland dispute and its socio- economic consequences in Andabet Woreda, South Gondar Administrative Zone, Amhara region. To address this objective of the study, the researcher employed mixed research method with cross sectional survey design. Both primary and secondary data were used. The sources of the primary data were questionnaire filled by 133 sample households, key informants’ interview, discussions with focus groups and observation. Secondary data sources include published and unpublished documents, reports and other related materials. The findings of the study reveal that the frequent types of farmland disputes in the study area are boundary dispute, ownership dispute, inheritance disputes and grazing land disputes. The findings also depict that farmland disputes have impeded the social life of the disputant farmers. As per the findings of the study, a farmland dispute terminates the social interaction of the community. Furthermore, the disputed parties are always vulnerable to high financial costs such as court fees, transportation cost, fees for getting legal advices, accommodation costs. Farmland dispute has a negative effect on all aspects of human life
Assessing Youth Involvement in Peace Building: The Case of Fagita Lekoma Woreda, Awi Administrative Zone, Amhara National Regional State
(AAU, 2020) Beyene, Yosef; Mekonnen, Teferi(PhD
The aim of this study is to assess youth involvement in peace building in selected kebeles of Fagita Lekoma woreda in Amhara National Regional state. Simple descriptive research design was used for the study. Simple random or lottery method and purposive sampling techniques were used in order to select respondents, interview and discussants respectively. Accordingly 130 respondents, 21 interviewees and 12 discussants were selected from 3800 study population. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered through the questionnaire, interview and FGD. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical and thematic analysis. The results of the study revealed that the youths in Fagita Lekoma Woreda identify as they have the ability to build peace in their areas. The findings indicate that the youth in the study area play great roles in peace building. They are open-minded, dynamic, influential, decision maker, and involved in peace building practices regardless of age, gender, and religion. The study revealed that the youth have various challenges in their peace building practices such as unemployment, inferiority feeling, alcoholism, inadequate youth communication platform and lack of awareness creation on peace building. The findings showed that there were no different opportunities created for the youth to be involved in peace building practices including access to education, self-esteem empowerment, and the availability of youth leagues. Therefore, various points were recommended based on the major findings of the study.
Assessing Community Participation in Crime Prevention: The Case of Shwarobit Town Adminstration
(AAU, 2020) Gizaw, Tefera; Adugna, Minale(Professor)
The objective of the study is to assess Community participation in crime prevention: The case of Shewa Robit Town. The study adopted descriptive survey research design (both quantitative and qualitative research approach). In the study, both primary and secondary data sources were used. A total of 60 self-representing individuals were selected from the local community, through stratified random sampling technique, to be respondents of questionnaires. Moreover, eight (8) community elders and six (6) police officers were included in the study, using purposive sampling technique, to be respondents of interview. Questionnaire, interview, FGD and document analysis was used as the major means of data gathering tools. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis method was employed in order to analyze data. The result of the study indicated that actually most of community did not involved in all crime prevention activities, such as in decision-making and social security related issues. The study also found that murder, thefts, robbery illegal human traffic and illegal weapon trading are most common crime types happening predominantly in the town. Moreover, as to the findings of the study, the researcher concludes that mistrust, minimal of technology, lack of adequate number police men, failure of community to provide and report crime-related information, considering all crime prevention duties to the police are the major challenges that restrain community participation in crime prevention success in the study area. Finally, based the major findings of the study, it is recommended that a special focus needs to be put in place to adopt community-based crime prevention practices. In doing so, organizing regular training and continuous capacity building programs should be there for community leaders. Ministry of police and partners should actively facilitate the process of mobilizing the community towards peace building and crime prevention and need to use structure of traditional associations in community policing strategy. Moreover, the study recommends that there should be integrity, trust, transparency and clear leadership between the police officers and the local community. All these contribute towards the success of community participation strategy in prevention of crime.
The Impacts of Cultural Globalization on Indigenous Cultures of Ethiopia: The Case of Finoteselam AdministrativeTown,West Gojjam Zone Amhara Regional State
(AAU, 2020-08) GETINET, MEBRATIE; Kemisso, Alebachew (PhD
This study was conducted to investigate cultural impacts of globalization on indigenous cultural values and practices of Ethiopia in the case of Finoteselam administrative town.The study employed ethnographic design and qualitative methods of data collection such as in- depth and key informant interviews, observation and focus group discussion. A total of 49 Participants of the study were recruited using purposive sampling from three kebelles of Finoteselam administrative town community consisting of elders, youths and informed individuals as well as experts of culture and tourism offices and departments. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the findings. The study found that there are various indigenous socio-cultural values and practices unique to the study community related to marriage, dressing, and feeding, play and conflict resolution. However, these are found to be increasingly pushed to the edges as a result of internal urbanization and legalization processes as well as external processes of globalization making the current society at risk of their culture in the coming years and tension at present. Despite members of the community have been responding towards this with individual family level measures to socialize and restrict their children from negative impacts of globalization by creating awareness and sometimes using force, it found to be inefficient as new social and mass media have become out of their control.Likewise concerned bodies from federal to regional and local level need to work consistently to rescue the generation with their own values by documenting these values and creating awareness.
The Role of Women’s Participation in Leadership and Decision Making Position: The Caseof Ginnir Town Administration inOromia Regional State.
(2020-08) Alem, Tesfaye; Paulos, Kidanemeriam
The reason that the magnitude of women’s participation in leadership and decision making position is insufficient in public sector. The objective of this study is to examine the role of women’s participation in leadership and decision making position in the case of Ginnir town administration. Descriptive and explanatory survey design and mixed (both quantitative and qualitative) approaches were used in this study. Primary and secondary data were gathered from public service officials including men and women through interview and questionnaire.16 men for questionnaire and four men for interviewees were selected through purposive sampling method .whereas census was the technique implemented to approach 86 women. From 235 target population of the study, 106 sample sizes was selected of which 106 respondents respond accordingly with a response rate of 100%. Data analyzed using descriptive and summarized as well as presented using frequency and percentage. The study clearly indicate that women participation in leadership and decision making position was low as the result of traditional ,socio cultural, educational gap, gender bias, ineffective policy implementation and women’s household and workload .The study recommends that ,public institution should provide to combating gender bias ,socio-cultural factors ,discrimination, superiority feeling, eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education and traditional attitude ,that difficult facing for women towards leadership ,and decision making position as well as in staff too
Urban Land Use Conflict on Peri-urban Communities: The Case of Bordode Town, West Hararghe Zone, ORS
(AAU, 2020-08) Daba, Henok; Jima, Tesfaye(prof
This study aimed to investigate urban land use conflict on peri- urban communities. This study has employed descriptive and explanatory research design; the study applied both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study took 180 total sample sizes from the 900 total populations in the study area through stratified sampling and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using closed and open-ended questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions while secondary data was from documented sources. The quantitative data were analyzed by employing the computer software known as IBM SPSS version 20. The descriptive statistical methods such as frequency and percentage used. The data obtained through interview and focus group discussion were analyzed qualitatively in explanation forms. The result of the study indicated that many farmers were displaced without fair compensation, large farmlands were also taken for various infrastructures, conflict was takes place between the town municipal and peri-urban communities and the farmers are sold their land by fear of the expanstion of the town and they were socially, economically, politically and environmentally challenged. There were also dislocation and conflict between the municipality and peri-urban farmers. This led them to migration, unemployment, poverty and as well, as conflict with the municipality. Therefore, municipality office should minimize this dislocation and conflict. Fair, equitable, and legal justice compensation have been realized by municipals through build its capital capacity to compensate the displaced farmers. The government should make profound discussion with peri-urban communities and ensure good governance, urban land management policy, discuss with them through public conference in the area to alleviate their problems. The government should stopped illegal setliments and selling of farmland in peri-urban area by farmers and it is better to give awareness for non-displaced farmers before displaced and after displaced to make them having well image for urban expanstion and for psychological make up
The Role of Mass Media in Promoting Good Governance: The Case of Bihar Dar 96.9 Fm Radio Station.
(AAU, 2020-08) Getie, Nega; Jimma, Tesfaye
The overall objective of the study was to assess the role of media fostering good governance in cause of Bahir Dar 96.9 FM radio. Descriptive survey study with mixed research approach i.e. Qualitative and quantitative was employed for this study. Purposive sampling and Data gathering instruments such as questionnaires, interview, and document analysis where employed. The data obtained through questionnaires was analysis using statically tools such as percentage and numerical by table and charts. And the data obtained through interview, data analysis and from semi structured questions where analyzed qualitatively description and narrations were made. From the study the concept of good governance has gained significant attention in developing countries and Ethiopia was no exception. The actual practice the role of media has been questioned in every society. This is mainly due to fact that in a young democracy, media faces a number of challenges to ensure good governance. The result of study reveals that the role of Bahir Dar FM radio in promoting good governance was not effective. This was because of the station faces a number of challenges when it tries to foster this role. The studies have also Assessed the actual practice of media for promote of element of good governance. Accordingly the study reveals that Media used guiding principle the element of Good governance. The result was under questionable and identify the kind of relationship that media has with government and the public. Accordingly, it reveals that there is close and friendly relationship of media with public but the relation with the government was not positive. The challenge faces Bahir Dar FM radio for fostering good governance. I.e. lack of awareness, lack of active involvement public media concerning good governance issue, high government officials are deliberately shielded from embracing questions, influence of government on media content and programs, government regulation restrict the media to promote good governance.
Practice and Challenges of Good GovernanceiIn Local Governmant: The Case of Gasera Woreda, Bale Zone Oromia Regional State
(AAU, 2020-08) Demie, Nanu; Jima, Tesfaye(Ph.D
The study was to assess the practice and challenges of good governance local government in Gasera woreda, Bale Zone, Oromia Regional State. The research was conducted in Gasera woreda which was selected purposely. The specific objectives of the research were to assess the practice of good governance principles that exercised in local level, to explore the perception of service providers and community toward the practices and challenges of good governance in Gasera municipality office, to identify the determinant factors those affect the practices of the participation, accountability and transparency, effective and efficiently in relation to Gasera woreda administration and Come up with possible recommendations that help to curb the challenges of good governance. Among 20 woredas in Bale Zone, Gasera Woreda was selected purposely. Explanatory sequentially design was used for this study. To achieve the objectives of this research both qualitative and quantitative data were used. The respondents of the study were selected using simple random sampling and convenience technique. From total population of 368 respondents 104 residents of Gasera town and 36 from employers of town municipal and land management were used as a source of information for this study. Secondary data were collected from pertinent sources like institution reports, magazines, internet sources and others. Semi structured interview schedule was used for employees and service users and questionnaire was employed for officials to collect data from them. Data were analyzed using percentage and frequencies, tabulation, figure and the like. The finding of the study revealed poor practice of implementing Participation, accountability transparency and effective and efficiently of good governance in the town administration and land management. It also founded that the practice of good governance challenged by malfunction with, corruption, lack of commitment and bureaucrats skills and ethical problems, lack of capacity in the service providers disseminating information, accessibility of their institutions information, delivering a timely service and providing decision based on reasonable evidence had rarely practiced. Therefore, the study recommended that the studied sectors should mainly focus on the Participation, accountability, transparency and effective and efficiency.
Assessing The Role and Challenges of Community Policing In Crime Prevention: The Case of Woreda 7, Addis Ketema Sub-City
(AAU, 2020-08) Bankie, Edilua; Jima, Tesfaye(Ph.D
The purpose of this study was to assess the role and challenges of community policing in crime prevention: the case of Woreda 7, Addis ketema sub-city, Addis Ababa city administration. This study was conducted using a qualitative research approach and descriptive research design. To achieve this objective, the researcher used both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data were collected from interviews, observation, and reports of the community policing office. The secondary data are collected from books, journals. Purposive sampling techniques are included in this study. The interviewees are Community Policing Officers office coordinators and other stakeholders. The major roles that the community policing office of the Woreda played is improving the community police service management and leadership style, the structure of the organization, directing, supervision system, internal and external environment, the support of governmental and non-governmental organizations, community participation in the case of crime prevention and police-community relationships. The major findings of this study revealed that the major challenges for Community Policing Officers are lack of input, poor police-community relationship, societal negative attitude towards police, lack of well-designed strategy because the concept of community policing was new, shortage of skilled manpower in the study area. As a result, there are high robbery, insecurity and instability, rape, chaos, prostitution, and illegal street traders. This study revealed that non- institutional factors are a chronic problem for community policing office successful implementation. Therefore, the community policing office in collaboration with Woreda and the sub-city administrator and Addis Ababa police commission should build a permanent police station in different woreda and ketenas to make the area safe and healthy
Assessing Community Participation in Crime Prevention a Case of Shwarobit Town Administration
(AAU, 2020-08) Gizaw, Tefera; Adugna, Minale(Professor
The objective of the study is to assess Community participation in crime prevention: The case of Shewa Robit Town. The study adopted descriptive survey research design (both quantitative and qualitative research approach). In the study, both primary and secondary data sources were used. A total of 60 self-representing individuals were selected from the local community, through stratified random sampling technique, to be respondents of questionnaires. Moreover, eight (8) community elders and six (6) police officers were included in the study, using purposive sampling technique, to be respondents of interview. Questionnaire, interview, FGD and document analysis was used as the major means of data gathering tools. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis method was employed in order to analyze data. The result of the study indicated that actually most of community did not involved in all crime prevention activities, such as in decision-making and social security related issues. The study also found that murder, thefts, robbery illegal human traffic and illegal weapon trading are most common crime types happening predominantly in the town. Moreover, as to the findings of the study, the researcher concludes that mistrust, minimal of technology, lack of adequate number police men, failure of community to provide and report crime-related information, considering all crime prevention duties to the police are the major challenges that restrain community participation in crime prevention success in the study area. Finally, based the major findings of the study, it is recommended that a special focus needs to be put in place to adopt community-based crime prevention practices. In doing so, organizing regular training and continuous capacity building programs should be there for community leaders. Ministry of police and partners should actively facilitate the process of mobilizing the community towards peace building and crime prevention and need to use structure of traditional associations in community policing strategy. Moreover, the study recommends that there should be integrity, trust, transparency and clear leadership between the police officers and the local community. All these contribute towards the success of community participation strategy in prevention of crime.
Assessment of Local Good Governance inWolkite Town Administrationin Gurage Zone
(AAU, 2020-08) Hady Kedir, Hamid; Paulos, Kidanemariam(PhD)
The purpose of this study was to assess local good governance in Wolkite Town Administration in Guraghe Zone, SNNPRS. The study employed a cross-sectional survey research design along with mixed approaches - quantitative and qualitative. The target population of the study consists of the households that are found in the town. The participants were drawn from the four kebeles using cluster, proportionate stratified and systematic sampling techniques so that 396 households were selected as a sample. In this study, the relevant data were collected through questionnaire, key informant interviews, focus group discussion, and document review. The quantitative data have been analyzed by using frequencies and percentages, whereas the qualitative data was narrated systematically using content analysis approach. The findings of the study showed that lack of network and cooperation among different offices in the administration and between the community and the administration, lack of direct accountability to the public, low level of participation of the community, violation of rule of law and the practices of corruption and discrimination in municipal office were highly prevailing challenges of practicing good governance. Based on the findings, the following recommendations are forwarded: possible mechanisms should be taken by the administration that would help to increase the level of good governance are empowering the capacity of judges and equipping the court with the necessary materials, enhancing the awareness of the community about good governance, establishing local controlling mechanism, strengthening cooperation and network among the different offices, better to apply the principle of transparency and accountability intherule of law and participating the people in the governance issue.
An Assessment on the Implementation of Plasma TV Education in Teaching Civic and Ethical Education: The Case of Jajura Secondary and Preparatory School at Hadiya Zone, SNNPR.
(AAU, 2020-08) Dentore, Bekele; Kemisso, Alebachew (PhD
The main purpose of this study is to assess factors affecting the implementation of plasma TV in teaching civic and ethical education in Jajura secondary and preparatory school. The mixed (qualitative and quantitative) method of research was followed in data collection and analysis. In line with assumption of facilitating ease in data analysis, the descriptive survey research design was employed. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources using questionnaire, interviews and through analyzing documents. The populations of the study were one thousand six hundred eighty (1680) students and one hundred thirty seven (137) students selected as a sample of the study using Kothari 2004. The simple random sampling was followed to select the specified sample size. For the sake of achieving the objective of the study, data were collected through questionnaire from 137 students and interviews were conducted with two (2) Vice Directors (academic and administrative) and three (3) civics teachers in purposely selected government secondary and preparatory school of Jajura town administration. Moreover, two (2) officials from education office of the town administration were interviewed. The participants in the interview were purposely selected on the bases of their working position, responsibility and experience, whereas respondents to the questioner were randomly selected by using lottery method to fill the questionnaires. The interview data were analyzed using descriptive narration and the questionnaires were analyzed using statistical analysis of descriptive analysis by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 21). The finding revealed that, the attitudinal challenges and infrastructural related challenges mainly affect the implementation of plasma TV teaching in the study area. Besides, the skill gap in both teachers and students’ side in manipulating plasma TV was mentioned as other challenges. Thus, the ministry of education and other concerned bodies should work on improving infrastructural services to make the service available in the area. Awareness should be created on the school community. Teachers and students need to be equipped with getting sufficient knowledge and skills on how to manipulate and manage plasma TV. Further, the school should search additional sources of budget to solve the problem power interruption by using optional sources like generator, solar system, etc.
Practices and Challenges of Urban Youth Political Participation Since 1991: The Case of Youth Association in Injibara Town, Awi Administrative Zone, Amhara National Regional State
(AAU, 2020-08) Tegegne, Tadele; Jimma, Tesfaye(Ph.D
The purpose of this study is to assess the practices, challenges and opportunities of urban youth political participation in Injibara town, Awi Administrative zone, Amhara National regional state. To analyze these state of affairs, the researcher used mixed quantitative and qualitative research approach. Both primary and secondary data sources were consulted. To attain the necessary data, the study had employed the questionnaire survey and interview (semi-structured in-depth) techniques. About 133 respondents participated through questionnaire in the study. Of them 120 respondents filled the questionnaire completely. The respondents selected through simple random sampling technique. 15 participants were interviewed and selected by using purposive sampling method to get individuals who have official responsibility and special knowledge about the concerned issue. The collected data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods. While the quantitative data were analyzed using simple descriptive data analysis methods by using table, frequency and percentage and qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The study had found that the interest as well as the participation of youth in formal political activities is minimal as compared with those informal (protest) political activities. The study revealed that the youths have various challenges that hinder in their political participation such as, institutional and structural challenges, attitudinal challenges, and socio-economic challenges, lack of political knowledge, fear of politics and political repression of the incumbent government. Also, the findings showed that there were different opportunities created for the youth to be engaged in political participation including the existence of social media and the presence of multi-party system. Further, the researcher recommends the government, political parties, pressure groups ,public media, youths themselves and civic society organizations to entertain the issues of youth and work with them to create conducive political environment to the youth as part of the decision making process to build sustainable peace, security, development and democratic political culture in a country
Causes and Impacts of Marginalization of Manjo Clan in South Nation Nationalities and Peoples Region of Ethiopia: the case of Saylem Woreda in Kafa Zone
(AAU, 2020-08) Alemayehu, Agarasha; Paulos, Kidanemariam(PhD)
The main purpose of this study was to assess the causes and effects of marginalization of Manjo clan in Kafa Zone Saylem Woreda. Accordingly, the study employed descriptive survey design. The main sources of data for the study were three Kebeles that found in Saylem Woreda. In order to select the sample respondents, systematic random and purposive samplings were used. Thus, 280 respondents (126 Manjos and 154 non Manjos) were selected on the basis of systematic random sampling. Besides, eleven (11) people were selected through purposive sampling for interview. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using questionnaire and interview guide. The analysis of the quantitative data was carried out using percentage, mean and standard deviation while the qualitative data was analyzed using narration and theme building. The result of the study disclosed that the Manjos in the studied kebeles were marginalized and suffered from the effects of their marginalization. The findings also revealed that marginalization of Manjo was caused by their linage or descent, low occupational status, breaches of food taboo, contradictory cultural practice, hygiene problem and problem of characteristics. The study also depicted that the consequences of marginalization of Manjo clan were socio cultural (absence of social relation, denial of communality, prohibition of intermarriage, denial of burial process and denial of membership in community organizations), economic ( limitation of access to participate, absences of favorable working place, restriction of exchange in the market, limitation of products and engagement in less valued works) and political (limitation of opportunity to take part in and lack of their own representative). The study also founded that the possible strategies to reduce marginalization of Manjo were awareness creation, providing opportunity, empowerment and protection. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that the government agencies, religious institutions, NGO’s and local administrators in the study area should collaboratively work hard to reduce marginalization of Manjo clan and maintain health socio-cultural, economic and political relationship withManjo
Assessing Youth Involvement in Peace Building:The Case of Fagita Lekoma Woreda, Awi Administrative Zone, Amhara National Regional State
(AAU, 2020-08) Beyene, Yosef; Mekonnen, Teferi(PhD
The aim of this study is to assess youth involvement in peace building in selected kebeles of Fagita Lekoma woreda in Amhara National Regional state. Simple descriptive research design was used for the study. Simple random or lottery method and purposive sampling techniques were used in order to select respondents, interview and discussants respectively. Accordingly 130 respondents, 21 interviewees and 12 discussants were selected from 3800 study population. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered through the questionnaire, interview and FGD. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical and thematic analysis. The results of the study revealed that the youths in Fagita Lekoma Woreda identify as they have the ability to build peace in their areas. The findings indicate that the youth in the study area play great roles in peace building. They are open-minded, dynamic, influential, decision maker, and involved in peace building practices regardless of age, gender, and religion. The study revealed that the youth have various challenges in their peace building practices such as unemployment, inferiority feeling, alcoholism, inadequate youth communication platform and lack of awareness creation on peace building. The findings showed that there were no different opportunities created for the youth to be involved in peace building practices including access to education, self-esteem empowerment, and the availability of youth leagues. Therefore, various points were recommended based on the major findings of the study

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