Browsing by Author "Zenebe, Mulumebet (PhD)"

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    Factors Affecting the Occupational Expectations of Women with Hearing Impairment: the Case of Addis Ababa University
    (Addis Ababa University, 1994) Getaneh, Kalkidan; Zenebe, Mulumebet (PhD)
    The overall aim of this qualitative study was analyzing the factors that affect the occupational expectation of women with hearing impairment who are attending their university education. Because of the negative perception that have been implanted within the society and lack of supportive services such as use of communication methods and counseling, students with hearing impairment are not sure whether they can assume job after they attain degree. Although both male andfemale groups are facing such bias in the labor mm·ket, the degrees of challenges are severe among females and this is in particular related to the denial of their right. Therefore identifying which factors are the most common to affect their occupational expectation was conducted in Addis Ababa University, Sidist kilo campus among those with hearing impairment. Interview guide were used to answer research questions related to the attitudes of students with hearing problem with regard to their job expectation. During the interview, an in-depth discussion was carried out with 15 f emale students with hearing impairments. Purposive sampling was used to select the site and Available Samplings were applied to select respondents. In the result of the study, almost allfemale respondents said that they may not assume job either because of scarcity of jobs, negative attitudes of employers, lack of information about job availability and lack of counseling while they are attending class. Lack of skill trainings also been reported to deter them from involving in business scheme. To resolve the factors affecting expectation problem, it is necessary and important to run development activities designed to address the particular needs of women with hearing impairment through sector-specific projects. But at the same time, it is also vital to address disability as a crosscutting issue, and to consider the needs of all sectors of a diverse population in generic development projects if the issues of concern to women with hearing impairment are not to remain as a side issue. All development staff should automatically consider and incorporate the rights and needs of women with hearing impairment into the design and application of their work, as they do regarding other marginalized and discriminated populations
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    Psychosocial and Economic Experiences of Gulf States Returnee Ethiopian Women Domestic Workers
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-03) Mulatu, Mekserem; Zenebe, Mulumebet (PhD)
    In the contemporary Ethiopia, a considerable number of women are working as domestic workers in the Gulf States. Generally, the working enviranment in the country of destination is not favourable. However, the domestic workers are forced to work under harsh condition to principally to fulfill the economic demands of their parents as well as themselves. They fail to accomplish their objective due to different forms of abuse that they face in the country of destination. In due courses, as a result of traumatic experiences, quite a number of Ethiopian domestic workers experience psychosocial prablems. The main purpases of this study are to explore the psychosocial and economic experiences of Gulf States returnee Ethiopian women domestic workers. It also attempts to investigate the push and pull factors as well as the discrepancies between the expectation of the domestic workers and the reolity that they face in the country of destination. Methodologically, this study is qualitative method, among the five qualitative method approaches, narrative approach is employed. A primary and secondary data are used to operationalise the study. Primary data has been COllected through in-depth interview with the informants and key informants of the study. As a secondary dota archival records are used. The findings of this research show that: 1) Traumatic and life threatening experiences of Ethiopian women domestic workers in the country of destination are the root couses for the psychosocial problems of the Ethiopian domestic workers. 2) Mostly, employers denied salaries of the domestic workers; as a result the domestic workers have not benefitted out of their employment. 3) Economic demands are the basic pushing factors whereas; modernized way of life is the major pulling factor. 4) The expectations of the domestic workers before their departure from the country of origin and the realities that they face in the country of destination are quite different. Besides, language and culturol barriers inflicted their interaction with their employers. As a result, most of the domestic workers experience culture shock, maladjustment, frustratian, and finally they become depressed. This study recommends, educotion is the key factor that could enable women to participate in the farmol sector. Therefore, pledging education is the basic measure that should be taken to ensure women's participation in the public sphere. Besides, provision of prior orientation and societal awareness concerning the cultural, social and econamic condition of the country of destinatian is very essential. Moreaver, foreign employment policy is vital to monitor the activities of illegal traffickers as well as to guarantee citizen's right in the country of destination. Accordingly, providing small scale industry training and skill development training for unemployed women might scale down the number of migront domestic workers. On the other hond longuage ond skill training for migrant domestic workers will enable them to interoct with their employers smoothly.
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    Reintegration of Ethiopian Migrant Returnees: The Case of Forced Migrant Returnees from KSA
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-07) Worku, Hilawit; Zenebe, Mulumebet (PhD)
    This study explores the gendered dimension of reintegration experiences of Ethiopian migrant returnees from Saudi Arabia in to their communities following the massive deportation in 2013. Qualitative method was employed; and unstructured in-depth interview with twelve returnees (six of each gender) and two key informants was conducted. A thematic analysis was done using collection of three analytical tools: The three interrelated dimensions of reintegration (economic, social, and psychosocial) by Ruben et.al (2009); the three stages of migration by Cassario (2004); and Gender analysis. The common view amongst interviewees in relation to economic reintegration was that it is influenced by reasons to migration, the sociopolitical environment at destination, the working and living conditions at destination, the physical, emotional, and sexual abuses returnees experienced. Social reintegration implied to be highly dependent on success of achieving migration purpose, conflict before migration, and opportunities to retain communication with home. Psychosocial reintegration discussed by returnees to be influenced by their experiences at destination depending factors influenced their migration motives, emotional and psychological health, and their identification of themselves as part of home community. Taken together, these results suggest that there is an association between reintegration experience and the domestic working environment, the Kafala system, and the Guardianship system women lived through in Saudi Arabia. These factors by limiting women movement and options of opportunities; increasing their vulnerability to abuse; and decreasing their chance of achieving migration goals, they influence their reintegration experience negatively. Together these results provide important insight on how migration is a gendered phenomenon; hence, a program attempting to reintegrate men and women passed through it, had to be a gender responsive. Moreover, experience of migrants before and during migration is found to have determining impact on their reintegration; therefore, by putting on a gender lens, a reintegration program planning and implementation has to explore experience of returnees throughout all stages of their migration. The study recommends for the reintegration program to look critically in to the factors identified in the study; and to employ a holistic approach (that considers all stages and dimensions of migration, and gender) for successful reintegration of both men and women returnees.
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    Representation of Women in Ethiopian National News Media Decision-Making
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-07) Wolde, Abebech; Zenebe, Mulumebet (PhD)
    This research explores the representation of women in the Ethiopian national news media decision-making and the factors that deter women from enjoying equal participation in decision-making. The research focuses on national news media as these media are influential in the country due to their capacity to reach nationwide. Researches in relation to media and communications are scarce in the country leave alone on specific issues like women and media. Among the very few efforts of research made on the area the available studies are traditional or nonjeminist researches whose centre of research are not women. Few researches have been conducted on the content of news media and women. This research, however, focuses on the representation of women in national news media specifically on their representation in decision making. The research is carried out from a feminist point of view, in that it not only makes its centre women but also has employed feminist research methodology. The major methodological approach is qualitative research. Quantitative research is also employed in order to substantiate the findings of the qualitative research. Accordingly, in-depth interview, focus group discussion and desk review methods have been used to collect data. Findings of the research show that women in the Ethiopian national news media are still absent in top decision-making positions and women joumalists are not only aware of this fact but also are conscious of some factors affecting women's participation in decision-making. In this respect some major factors arose from the descriptive and empirical data analysis as affecting women's participation in decision-making in terms of women's equal opportunities to decision-making and gendered division of labour. These are among others, lack of equal opportunities for promotion in decision-making, the masculine culture of newsrooms, male managers' attitudes towards women leadership and women's aspiration for decision-making positions and career achievements.
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    The role of social networks in enhancing women's career advancement: The case of women employees in International Non-Governmental Organizations in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Nemera, Maliha; Zenebe, Mulumebet (PhD)
    De;pite the evident importance of social capital in enhancing human capacity, research on its gender dimension especially in promoting women 's access and benefit fi'om such capital is virtually non-existent. If done at ali, it tends to focus on its economic benefit of the entire community or socielies, but rarely on gender fi'om social capital perspective or its role as critical adjunct to women 's career development Among several social capital indicators, social networking is the basic indicator of social capital formalion. Thus, Ihis paper deals with social networking in relation to women's career advancemenl and hence assesses how social network impacts in eilher jclcilitating or constraining structural opportuni/ies for women's career advancements. In order to obtain data for the study through a mixed of research methods (quantitative and qualilative) 63 women and 39 men working for international nongovernmental organization were approached Besides, various documenls were reviewed 10 supplement data collected ji'om primwy sources and finally analyzed both qualitatively using narration and quanlitatively using fi'equency and percenlage. The analysis reveals Ihat gender plays a crucial role in the kinds of social capilalformalion. As a result, the types of social capital women and men lend to form is different in that women often tend 10 form bonding of social capital whereas men tend to form objective or bridging social capital. This enables men to get non redundant and high level information Ihan women. . In summary, inlhe workplace women rely more onformal networking and a/lach less valuefor workplace informal networking. And gender role socialization, gender stereotype and institutional systems are the major contributing jclctors for women's less participation in different social networking both al community and workplaces. Accordingly, the findings of this paper confirm that women have less networking experiences which ajJecls their career advancements.