Browsing by Author "Yimer, Getnet(PhD)"
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Association of Plasma Warfarin level with Monitoring Parameters Among Patients Treated at Hematology Referral Clinic, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital(Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Negash, Gediwon; Yimer, Getnet(PhD); Abubeker, Abdulaziz(PhD); Zewdu, Ashagrie(PhD)Warfarin monitoring poses challenge to the treatment of thromboembolic disorders because out-of-range INRs which is encountered as a result of changes in numerous factors. The fluctuation of INR in some patients might be dangerous because of the narrow therapeutic index of warfarin. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association of plasma warfarin level with warfarin the clinical monitoring parameter, INR and related parameters. Institution based cross-sectional prospective study was conducted recruiting 57 eligible patients on warfarin treatment at hematology referral clinic of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Clinical data was retrieved from patient cards and plasma warfarin level were determined using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography with Ultra Violet – Visible detector. The associations of plasma concentration with INR and weekly dose were low (rho = 0.375 at p = 0.006 and r = 0.283 at p = 0.04) respectively. There was also statistically significant difference in the mean plasma warfarin concentration of patients who took effect enhancing co-medication and those who took non-effect changing co-medication (p <0.001) as well between the mean plasma concentration of patients who took effect diminishing co-medication and those who took non-effect changing co-medications was also statistically significant (p = 0.005). In conclusion clinical monitoring parameters of warfarin have low association with plasma warfarin level. The low correlation indicates the importance of plasma warfarin concentration monitoring in some situations, especially when the ideal INR is difficult to achieve the target where by patient safety can be affected. Key Words: Warfarin, INR, Dose, Association, co-medicationsItem Chemo Preventive Potential of Coffee Arabica in Colorectal Cancer Initiated With and Promoted By DMH in Rat Model(Addis Ababa University, 2015-04) Gedamu, Shewatatek; Yimer, Getnet(PhD)Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Epidemiological and experimental studies unveiled the importance of compounds derived from plants in reducing the risk of CRC. Recent metaanalyses demonstrate inverse associations between coffee intake and CRC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate chemopreventive potential of Coffee arabica in DMH-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in the rat model through a two-phase study (initiation and postinitiation). Thirty five female wistar rats were divided into seven equal groups. Rats in group IVII except group VI (received normal saline alone) were given freshly prepared DMH (20 mg/kg body weight, ip) in normal saline and pH adjusted (7.0) in 1mM NaOH, once a week for 5 weeks. Groups II and III were received additional oral dose of Coffee arabica (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg body weight, respectively) in the initiation phase. Group IV and V were received the same dose of Coffee arabica given in group II and III, respectively) in the post-initiation phase. Group VII was received low dose aspirin orally. After 10 weeks of treatment period, blood was withdrawn for serum biochemical analysis, then animals were scarified and their colons were subjected to macroscopic and microscopic studies. Taken together, the result of this study showed that well characterized preneoplastic features such as multiple plaque lesions, aberrant crypts and aberrant crypt foci were significantly found in the DMH alone treated group. The numbers were significantly reduced in DMH followed by Coffee arabica or Aspirin treated groups. Histologically different degree of dysplasia and hyperplasia observed in DMH treated group. The simultaneous administration of DMH and Coffee arabica or Aspirin reduced these features. In addition, our results showed that an appreciable counteracts effect of Coffee arabica on serum biomarkers and body weights observed in DMH alone treated rats. The results of this study surmise that the effects of Coffee arabica may be due to the presence of phenolic compounds which have antioxidant activities. It brings suppression of cellular proliferation, inhibits lipid profile elevation and interferes with serum protein and body weight declination. Furthermore, this study was provided that Coffee arabica treatment, in both phases, tended to considerably suppress tumor progression and invasion. The elucidation of the inhibitory effects of Coffee arabica on the progressions and invasion of colorectal preneoplastic lesions is thus of great importance and will provide promising targets for preventive and therapeutic interventions of CRC.Item Evaluation of Wound Healing and anti-inflammatory Activity of 80% Methanol Extract of Solanum incanum L. leaves in Mice(Addis Ababa University, 2016-10) Doyo, Debesa; Yimer, Getnet(PhD)Solanum incanum Linnaeus or Sodom/bitter apple (English), Embouy(Amharic), Hiddi(Afan Oromo) is a perennial, wild shrub like herb that grows up to 1.8 m in height that belongs to Solanaceae family which grows in many regions of Africa. In Africa, including Ethiopia the herb is used as a folklore remedy for different ailment such as skin problem like wound and inflammations. However, to date, no scientific report could be found in the literature concerning the in-vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of this study is therefore to evaluate in- vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity of 80% methanol extract of S. incanum L. leaves in mice. Extracts were studied for wound healing activity topically by incorporating in simple ointment base B.P. in concentration of 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w). The animals were randomly divided into four groups in wound healing models and five groups (each containing six mice) for anti-inflammatory activity test. Simple ointment base (negative control) and nitrofurazone 0.2%(w/w)ointment was used as standard for activity comparison. For the study of in- vivo anti-inflammatory activity, the 80% methanolic extract was dissolved in 2% Tween 80. Two models were used for wound healing activity in mice viz. excision and incision. Carrageenan induced hind paw edema model was used for anti-inflammatory study. Parameters such as wound contraction, and period of epithelialization were studied in case of the excision wound model, while incision wound model was evaluated by determining tensile strength. Leaves extract of S. incanum was given orally at dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg in carrageenan induced hind paw oedema model and oedema was evaluated by determining mean increase in paw volume and percentage edema inhibition. Indomethacin 10mg/kg was used as reference standard for the activity comparison. Treatment of wound with ointment containing 5%(w/w) and 10% (w/w) 80% methanol extract exhibited significant(p<0.05) increase in wound contraction rate, shorter epithelialization time and higher skin breaking strength in the two experimental model as compared to control. iv S. incanum L. extract also shows dose-dependent significant reductions (p < 0.05) of inflammation as compared to control. These results collectively demonstrate that the 80% methanol extract of S. incanum L. possesses wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties, and this justifies the use of the leaves of S. incanum L. for wound and inflammations as claimed in the folklore literature. Key words: Solanum incanum L., wound healing activity, excision wound model, incision wound model, tensile strength, Anti-inflammatory, carrageenan