Browsing by Author "Worku, Mulugeta"

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    Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-06) Worku, Mulugeta; Ali, Ahmed(Prof.); Getachew, Sofonias(Phd fellow)
    Introduction - Measles is a highly contagious, acute, viral illness caused by a member of the genus morbilli virus of the Paramyxoviridae.. In Africa, 450 000 cases were reported and in SubSaharan Africa with 250, 000 deaths in 2009. In Ethiopia, measles cases usually come late to health facilities and often after they have developed complications. Investigation was done to verify the existence of an outbreak, to determine the magnitude and identify associated risk factors contributing for the occurrence of the outbreak. Methods - A cross-sectional descriptive study followed by a one to two unmatched case control study was conducted from January 7 to February 3, 2019. Interview using structured questionnaire was used to collect data from cases and controls. Data were managed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007 and Epi-Info 7.2.1.0. Results - Over the period of the outbreak, 23 measles cases were identified. The age of cases ranged from 1 to 12 years old, with median age of 5 years. Of the total cases, 13(57%) were under five years and 10(43 %) of them were above five years. The overall attack rate of the disease was 7 per 1000 inhabitants of the kebele, with no death. Having contact with a person suspected to have measles during the last weeks OR: 6.4 (95% CI, 12. 6 – 44.3) and presence of measles case in the family OR: 6.5 (95% CI, 4.4 – 13.22) were significantly associated with contracting measles. Moreover, absence of measles vaccination was a risk factor for developing measles (OR: 2.53, (95% CI 1.7 – 14.67). Conclusion and Recommendations- The outbreak occurred in a remote pocket Kebele of the Sewena District with extremely low immunization coverage. Multiple factors contributed for the occurrence of the outbreak. We recommend enhanced routine immunization service, and awareness creation to the community on mode of transmission, prevention and health seeking behavior.
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    Evaluating the Availability of Non -Program Essential Drugs at Defense Health Centers: The case of Ethiopian Ministry of Defense Selected Health Centers
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Worku, Mulugeta; Jebena, Tariku (PhD)
    In Ethiopia, majority of the common leading causes of morbidity and mortality can be substantially reduced if essential drugs (EDs) are made available and appropriately used, where functioning of the drug management cycle is necessary. Thus, tracking changes and improvements of the pharmaceutical logistics performance is important. The aim of this study was to Evaluate the level of availability of essential medicines of Health Centers in Ministry of defense giving emphasis to non-program drugs (NPDs). A facility based descriptive cross sectional survey of the pharmacy of HCs in Addis Ababa and HCs that where found within 150 km from Addis Ababa was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative methods. seventeen HCs were included in the study. Overall availability of non program essential tracer medicines at the day of visit across the 17 Health Centers was found to be 85.88 % .one year retrospective Bin card review showed tracer Essential medicines where available on average for 11 month(92%) in a year ,which corresponds with an average 31 days(8%) out of stock duration in year. In conclusion, overall availability of EM is encouraging but works are needed to achieve WHO target of 100%. major problem common to all HC’s regarding drug management cycle Where ,drugs for essential drug list where not being selected by DTC, majority of the Centers don’t use formula for quantification, procurement by brand names was common practice, non availability of computer system and software and prescribing of medicines which ware not listed on essential medicine list where found from the study.DTC in HCs should be strengthened by each pharmacy units of the HCs and other stakeholders who closely work with the HCs such as defense health directorate. Usage of statistical formula based on consumption pattern needs to be emphasized and training regarding different statistical quantification methods needs to be initiated by the main health directorate. Procurement by Brand names should be avoided by the individual Health Centers.