Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
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Date
2019-06
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Introduction - Measles is a highly contagious, acute, viral illness caused by a member of the genus morbilli virus of the Paramyxoviridae.. In Africa, 450 000 cases were reported and in SubSaharan Africa with 250, 000 deaths in 2009. In Ethiopia, measles cases usually come late to health facilities and often after they have developed complications. Investigation was done to
verify the existence of an outbreak, to determine the magnitude and identify associated risk factors contributing for the occurrence of the outbreak.
Methods - A cross-sectional descriptive study followed by a one to two unmatched case control study was conducted from January 7 to February 3, 2019. Interview using structured questionnaire was used to collect data from cases and controls. Data were managed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007 and Epi-Info 7.2.1.0.
Results - Over the period of the outbreak, 23 measles cases were identified. The age of cases ranged from 1 to 12 years old, with median age of 5 years. Of the total cases, 13(57%) were under five years and 10(43 %) of them were above five years. The overall attack rate of the disease was 7 per 1000 inhabitants of the kebele, with no death. Having contact with a person
suspected to have measles during the last weeks OR: 6.4 (95% CI, 12. 6 – 44.3) and presence of measles case in the family OR: 6.5 (95% CI, 4.4 – 13.22) were significantly associated with contracting measles. Moreover, absence of measles vaccination was a risk factor for developing
measles (OR: 2.53, (95% CI 1.7 – 14.67).
Conclusion and Recommendations- The outbreak occurred in a remote pocket Kebele of the Sewena District with extremely low immunization coverage. Multiple factors contributed for the occurrence of the outbreak. We recommend enhanced routine immunization service, and awareness creation to the community on mode of transmission, prevention and health seeking
behavior.
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Keywords
Measles, outbreak, Kiltu, Sewena