Browsing by Author "Walelign Sosina"

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    Association of Intestinal Helminth Infection with Atopy and Allergic Symptoms in Young Children in Batu, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Walelign Sosina; Tsegaye Aster
    Background: Helminths are potent immunomodulators and chronic infections may protect againstallergy-related disease and atopy. They are also known for inducing allergic conditions. This study wasaimed to assess the association between helminths and atopy and allergic conditions. Objective: To assess the association between intestinal helminth infection and atopy/allergic outcomesin young children in Batu, Ethiopia. Methods: Questionnaire data on allergic symptoms and a range ofconfounding variables was gatheredin a cross-sectional study of 461 children aged from 2 to 14 years from Batu. Allergic skin sensitizationto house dust mite and cockroach was measured, and a stool sample collected for qualitative andquantitative geohelminth analysis. Serum IgE using ELISA and Manual eosinophil count weremeasured. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Overall sensitivity to both allergens was 2.6 %. Self - reported allergic outcomes in the last12 months for the 461 participants had been; wheeze (3.7%), asthma (2.2%), eczema (13.2%), and hayfever (6.9%). A burden of 8.1% (36/444) was recorded for helminths. A borderline significantassociation was found between atopy and any allergy symptoms [OR 3.32 (95% CI: 0.99, 11.1), P =0.052]. There was no significant association between helminths and atopy [OR 0.64 (95% CI: 0.29,1.41) p = 0.268] and also between helminths and allergic symptoms [OR 0.64 (95% CI: 0.29, 1.41) p= 0.268]. Bivariate analysis showed keeping animas in the house associated with atopy while maternaland paternal history of allergy associated with allergic symptoms in the children. Conclusion: Contrary to the majority of related studies that reported a positive or negative associationbetween helminths and allergy-related outcomes, we found no relation between the two. Furtherlongitudinal studies are warranted to further elucidate the controversy. Keywords: Atopy, helminths, Allergy, IgE
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    Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Enteropathogen among under-five Children with Diarrhea in Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College,Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-10) Bereka Seada; Tesfaye Abraham ; Walelign Sosina
    Background: Globally, diarrheal disease is a common condition associated with highmorbidity and mortality in under 5 children. Every day, it is estimated that more than 4000 children lose their lives due to diarrhea. Despite its significant public health concern, littleis known about prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of enteropathogen inmany countries, including Ethiopia. Objectives: To determine Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ofEnteropathogen among under-five children with diarrhea in Yekatit 12 Hospital MedicalCollege, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed from October tomarch 2021 among 411 conveniently selected diarrheic patient in Yekatit 12 hospitalAddis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were collected by using Structured questionary. Stoolsamples was examined for parasites and enteric bacteria. Each bacteria then identifiedusing colony morphology and standard biochemical tests. Anti-microbial susceptibilitytesting was performed by using disc diffusion techniques on Muller Hinton Agar. Thecollected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software package. To identify factorsassociated with enteropathogen, Chi-square (χ2) test was applied statistical significancewas considered at level of significance of 5%. Result: Among 411 examined stool samples, in more than a quarter (106(25.8%)) of thesamples enteropathogen was detected. Of those majority (90(84.9%)) were intestinal parasites the rest (16(15.1%)) were positive for bacteria. Entamoeba histolytica andsalmonella were the predominant enteropathogen which accounts for (51(12.4.7%)) and(10(2.4%)) respectively. unprotected drinking water source(P=0.002), poor hand washingpractice of care giver (P=0.020) and poor Cleaning of utensil for child feeding(P=0.025)were statistically significant for the presence of enteropathogen in stool. Among patientswho had Salmonella and shigella infections almost all were resistant for ampicillin andamoxicillin. But all the identified Salmonella and shigella isolates were sensitive toCiprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone. Conclusion and Recommendation: The finding of this study indicates that Entamoebahistolytica and salmonella species were the predominant etiologies and the presence ofbacterial isolates resistant to the commonly prescribed drugs for treating diarrhea inchildren Therefore, carry on identified associated factors and regular drug susceptibilitytest is essential to reduce the problem.