Browsing by Author "Tulu, Sisay"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Assessment of Quality Assurance practice and proficiency of HIV rapid testing providers at point of care sites in selected public health facility of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2018-06) Tulu, Sisay; Tsegaye, Aster (PhD, Associate Professor of Immunology)
    Background: The implementation of HIV point-of-care testing technologies reduced turn-around-time (TAT), pre-analytical errors and sample transporting errors. But, it increased the complexity of QA implementation because it involves non laboratorians and outspread the testing sites to be covered by Proficiency testing. Objectives: To assess quality assurance practice for HIV rapid testing services at point of care sites in public health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted based on random sampling technique in 3 hospitals and 41 health centers which included 265 point of care HIV rapid testing sites. Conveniently 310 HIV Rapid Test providers were also included. Standardized Checklists were used for the assessment. Data were captured, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: HIV rapid testing sites had 65.59% performance score. Of the 265 point of care HIV rapid testing sites that were evaluated On-site, 0.4% of them have Zero level performance which Needs improvement in all areas and immediate remediation. One level performance was noted in 27.2% of testing points which needs improvement in specific areas; and 64.2% of testing points have level two performance which means partly eligible for HIV rapid testing. Three level performances that is close to national site certification is seen in 7.9% of testing points. Among 310 HIV rapid testing providers, 302 (97.4%) could correctly detect negative and positive panel samples. Eight (2.6%) had discordant result during screening test (test one) among these 3(37.5%) had false positive reports that corrected through the algorithm on the final result; 4 (50%) had false negative reports and 1(10%) was report as invalid. In the onsite checklist, lack of SOP for safety, use of expired Kits, lack of clean water for hand washing at testing sites, data management of quality elements of Registrations book contents and lack of personnel training on internal quality control and External quality assurance, lack of timer, were mentioned as a major bottle neck for quality performance. Conclusion: HIV rapid testing sites had 65.59% performance score which is below 80 %. HIV rapid testing providers scored 99.40% for proficiency panel testing which is below acceptable score of 100%. False negative results need attention since positives are released to the community due to misdiagnosis. Immediate intervention is needed on the identified findings.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    The Effect Of Leadership Style On Employee Performance: The Case Of My Sisters Women’s Welfareassociation
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Tulu, Sisay; Bekalu, wubeshet (PhD)
    The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of leadership style on employee performance: the case of My Sisters Women’s Welfare Association”. The study investigates the kind of relationships the workers of “My Sisters Women’s Welfare Association” with their leaders, examine the major problems which affect leadership practice in MSWWA and to determine how leaders try to raise high moral and ethical standards among its workers. The methodologies followed in this study were descriptive survey. The sampling method used purposive sampling. In order to get sufficient and appropriate information for the study both primary and secondary data were used. Questionnaires were the data collection instruments used in the survey. The analysis is performed using descriptive statistics methods mean, standard deviation, frequencies, percentages. The study finding shows that the majority of employees do not have enough communication with the policy of an organization , employees in the organization have poor relationship with their supervisors and the existing leadership style and the work culture of an organization do not permit them to exercise the different kinds of updated management thoughts and believes. Therefore, the study concludes that; subordinates at different levels of the Organization don’t give equal and fair treatment, most of the leaders in MSWWA don’t try much to raise high moral and ethical standards among workers, most of the leaders at different levels of the Organization don’t take ideas whenever there is a problem in job. The study finally recommended leaders should try to raise high moral and ethical standards so that all workers can do their job ethically and by moral. The leaders should also try to give fair and equal treatments to all their subordinates, the leaders should try to understand their subordinates’ interest because this is very important for the success of the Organization and to maximize their subordinates’ degree of interest
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Fair-Trade and Small-Scale Coffee Farmers Cooperatives in Ethiopia:The Case of Melka Rello Woreda,East Hararghe Zone in Oromiya Regional State
    (AAU, 2010-07) Tulu, Sisay; Osmond, Thomas PhD
    Coffee one of the world most traded goods alld the majority of the production took place in developing countries. The small-scale cojfee farmer whu depend on international market for their product highly marginalized by the unfa ir international terms of trade and combined with imperfect local coffee lIIarket conditions induced farmers in a vulnerable position and live in absolute poverty. These problems. among others led to the f ormation of fair-trade certification scheme in order to help poor marg inalized coffee farm ers through their own organization to get accesses to international market and get fa il' price for their product. Thus. this study is about the role of Fair-trade certified small-scale coffee farmers. Though. modern cooperatives exist in Ethiopiafor many decades the reorganization of coffee cooperatives alld the cooperative union ajter 1991 was partly in relation to the international coffee cris is that occurred at various times. Thus. the main objective of this study i ' to assess the role of 'Fair-trade' certified coffee farmers' cooperatives in addressing farmers problellis by taking Tuti Kanisa and Riga Damu primary cooperatives as a case in Melka Bello Woreda. East Hal' It'ghe Zone. 111 order to address the research objectives. a qualitative data gathering techniques has been employed. These are. the prill1ary data were generated by conducting fieldwork through informant interl'iew. fo cus gruup discu 'sions and participant observations and ob. ·ervation. The re 'ult of the stlldy shows that fa ir-trade certified cooperati ves brou ht economic alld ocial bene/it to the fanners. Moreo ver. the existence of cooperatives in locol market brought competition [hat ill1pl'Ol'ed the price of coffee gradually at local market. Fanners also receive a premiulII that i ' to be in vested ill community developmentfromfair-trade coffee sale that benefits the whole community. Thollgh. tl/ere is good demand for fair- trade coffee in the international market. due to lack of financial capital. poor infras tructure and absence of proper coffee processing equipments. low level of f ormal education among members and the influence of khat production and exterllal intervention in cooperative affairs are major constraints to be mentioned. Based on the findings of the study. it is recommended that the cooperative in order tf'.1 be succes:-,ful. tl/ere should be udequate finan cial capital for cooperatives. proper coffee processing mach ine should be ul'ailable at local level. there should be a II/eons to provide fO I'll/cd education for coopera tive melllbers and negative extem al in tervention should be minimized in the affair of the cooperatives