Browsing by Author "Tesfaye, Tewodros"

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    Assessment on the Use of Management Accounting Information for Decision Making and Management Control: A Case Study of Some Selected Manufacturing Companies in City of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-06) Tesfaye, Tewodros; Subramanian, Ulaganathan (PhD)
    The study examines the use of management accounting information in decision making and management control in the case of some selected manufacturing companies in the city of Addis Ababa. The objective is to identify the types of decisions that managers often make and areas which need management control and assess whether managers use management accounting information in decision making and control. It also assess whether management accounting information help managers to be effective in their decisions and control. The data used in this study was obtained through questionnaire and interview. Questionnaire was prepared and distributed to finance managers, marketing managers, production managers and accountants. Unstructured Interview is also made to collect data. The study finding shows that there is modest use of management accounting information in manufacturing companies in city of Addis Ababa and it also shows managers that use management accounting information are effective in their decision and control. Key Words: Management Accounting, Decision Making, Management Control, Accounting Information
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    Genetic Characterization and Estimation of Genotype by Environment Interaction of Ethiopian Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Germplasm
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-07-02) Tesfaye, Tewodros; Tesfaye, Kassahun (PhD)
    Sesame is one of the major oil crops that has great economic importance for the country. In Ethiopia, sesame is among the foremost important oil crops both in terms of area coverage and total national annual production. However the crop suffers from low productivity due to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, the present study conducted in different sets to generate information that can be used to design the future breeding program of sesame in the country. The first set of experiments was to study the morphological and molecular genetic diversity of the sesame germplasm collected from Ethiopia and other countries (Asian and other African countries). The same genotypes planted at three locations for phenotyping and genotyping using the two high throughput diversity array technology (DArT) markers (silicoDArT and SNP). Further to understand the impact of different putative genes Genome-wide association study of yield-related traits using 2997 SNPs in two environments was performed. The second set of experiments was conducted in 19 environments to assess the performance and stability of sesame varieties, and to characterize sesame growing environments in Ethiopia. Based on morphological characterization, genotypes showed wide variability for most morphological traits, except for plant growth type, leaf glands, anther filament color, and anther connective tip gland. High heritability combined with high genetic advance was recorded for plant height, primary branch, days to flower initiation, days to 50% flowering, pod bearing zone, seed yield per plant, and bacterial blight reaction indicating the potential of improving the population through a direct selection for these traits. Grain yield showed a significant and positive genotypic correlation with plant height, the number of capsules per plant, and pod bearing zone, the magnitudes of the positive genetic correlation suggest that the selection by those characters produces a significant increase in grain yield. Genetic divergence using Mahalanobis D2 statistics was computed, and the genotype lines were grouped into six different clusters. Clustering was not associated with the geographical distribution; instead, genotypes were grouped mainly based on morphological differences. The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters IV and VI (D2 =342.56, followed by clusters I, and VI (D2 =217.9783). Maximum genetic recombination and variation in the subsequent generation are expected from crosses that involve parents from the clusters characterized by maximum distances. The genetic diversity analysis showed that the average nucleotide diversity of the panel was 0.14. Considering the genotypes based on their geographical origin, Africa collections (0.21) as a whole without Ethiopian collection was more diverse than Asia and when further portioned Africa, North Africa (0.23) collection was more diverse than others, but at the continent level, Asia (0.17) was more diverse than Africa (0.14). The genetic distance among the sesame populations ranged from 0.015 to 0.394, with an average of 0.165. The structure analysis divided the panel into four hypothetical ancestral populations and 21 genotypes were clustered as an admixture. Under Genome-wide association study (GWAS) a total of 21 significant SNPs with 7 yield-related traits in two environments were identified and, these explaining the phenotypic variation ranged from 7.02 (DF) to 16.11% (CAPL), with an average of 9.76%, suggesting a moderate contribution to the traits. All significant loci found in LG 2, 6, and 11 associated with capsule length except one associated with the physiological period. The significant loci found in LG 3, 7, and 8 associated with a physiological period (Days to flower initiation, Days to 50% flowering, and Days to physiological maturity) except one associated with capsule length. Dissecting genetic control of flowering time and maturity is importance to foster sesame breeding and to develop new varieties able to adapt to changing climatic conditions. Indeed, flowering time and maturity strongly affect yield and plant adaptation ability. Since several favorable alleles detected in this study have not yet been intensively selected, our GWAS results will assist in incorporating further useful alleles into the elite sesame germplasm for a seed yield increase in the future. Based on the genotype x environment interaction study the test locations were divided into six groups. Humera, Banat, and Tach Armacho were highly discriminating and representative in the first, the second, and the third group respectively, and were identified as a core test site in that group. While Alemaya, Worer, and Mender67 were identified as the only test site in groups four, five, and six. The core testing sites identified would be used to facilitate the identification of superior sesame varieties and to reduce testing costs in the country. Environment Tach Armacho in 2017/18 and 2018/19 were close to the ideal environment. The GGE biplot analysis identified genotype G2 (setit-1) as the “ideal” genotype and among the highest mean seed yield. Setit-1 considered the most stable across variable environments.
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    Software Development for Design of Slab and T-Girder Reinforced Concrete Bridges
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-12) Tesfaye, Tewodros; Taye, Shifferaw (PhD)
    In bridge design, engineers strive to plan an economical structure that will safely transmit loads to the ground without collapsing or deforming excessively. Since it is difficult to predict the exact loading and circumstances that a bridge must withstand, all bridge designs include a substantial margin of safety. Design standards vary throughout the world, but all aim at ensuring that new bridges will provide many years of service and will maintain an adequate margin of safety against failure. Bridge design involves a number of design steps which involves tidious calculations due to the presence of moving loads and needs choice of parameters and decision. So due to the complexity and time consumeness of the design we will be better off if we use bridge design programs to get better and accurate results in a short time. But the problem is these programs are too expensive to buy and use. Using pyrated softwares is illegal and immoral.And also using excel written programs has its own problems. This project appreciates the application of home made (self made) programs to make life easy and give a highlight on the procedure behind commercial softwares. This thesis is concerned with developing Software for design of slab and T-girder reinforced concrete bridges. The software is produced using Visual basic 6.0. The design is based on the standards on ERA 2002 Bridge design manual. The program analyzes and designs only Simple span slab and girder bridges and outputs in different forms are available. The user manual and the video tutorials will show how to use the software simply. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are made based on the produced software.
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    Survey and Serological Detection of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam.)Infecting Viruses in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Tesfaye, Tewodros; Feyissa, Tileye (PhD)
    The current study was conducted to assess the recent magnitude of virus diseases attacking sweet potato in the chief production areas of country. Thus, a total of 235 symptomatic and 735 asymptomatic sweet potato vines were collected. Samples from farmers’ fields were established in an insect-proof screen house and were tested for viruses by nitrocellulose membrane enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NCM-ELISA) together with 624 imported in vitro plantlets. During the field survey it was observed that incidences of virus and virus-like symptom were high in Sidama, Wolayita, Awassa and Hadiya and very low in Gamo-Gofa and Kembata-Tembaro. The viruses detected were sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and sweet potato virus G (SPVG). The most prevalent virus detected was SPFMV. The second most frequent virus was SPCSV and SPVG being the third yet, low frequent virus. From imported in vitro plantlets 19.2% was reacted positive for Anti-SPFMV and only 0.2% sero- positive for Anti-SPCSV. SPVD was the most common co-infection observed followed by SPVG+SPCSV yet, less frequent. None of the samples obtained from Eastern and Western Hrarge was any virus infection detected. TAS-ELISA was performed for weakly reacted samples and 35.7% was reacted positive for mAb of SPFMV. However, none of the samples obtained from East and West Hararge was sero-positive for mAb of SPFMV. This study has provided a quantitative assessment of both single and co-infection of viruses in sweet potato plants in Ethiopia, and elucidated the importance of developing resistant varieties particularly against the detected sweet potato viruses, production of virus free materials and quarantine measures not to be overlooked specially in high SPVD incident areas. Key words/Phrases: Sweet Potato, NCM-ELISA, TAS-ELISA, Incidence, Virus, Mixed Infection, Single Infection