Browsing by Author "Tefera, Tamirat"

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    Exploring Women’s Economic Empowerment through Urban Productive Safety Net Program: The Case of Gullele Sub-City in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Melaku, Yomiyu; Tefera, Tamirat
    This study was done to assess the impact of Urban Productive Safety Net Program (UPSNP) onWomen’s Economic Empowerment inWoredas 7 and 9 of Gulelle sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study examined economic empowermentfrom the point of women's access to finance through job opportunities and financial services, women'sinvolvement in decision making process in the UPSNP structure and how women's engagement in the UPSNP has impacted the environment. Using a mixed research method of quantitative and qualitative natures, the study found out that UPSNP has contributed in economically empowering women and in bringing positive change on the urban environment at the study area.A sizable number of women (76.9 per cent) were found to have control over their income and they decideon its utilization. The program has also brought pronounced impact in bringing women to leadership. The study found that 50 percent of the leadership in the UPSNP structure in both public work and committees is assumed by women.Furthermore, women are also able to establish social networks such as Equib and reap both the financial and social benefit that these networksprovide. One very critical outcome is the change in the mind-sets of participating women towards saving. There is an absolute conformance to saving and growing desire for voluntary savings by participating women. On the side of environment, through their engagement in greeneries, neighbourhood beautification and solid waste management works, women participating in the program are playing a pivotal role in safeguarding and maintaining the environment.The study did also reveal that the weak link of the program, which is the negative attitude of participating women towards taking credits for livelihood development purposes. It is highly recommended that duty bearers such as respective woreda administrators, and Food Security and Urban Job Creation Agency work togetherto create basic awareness on financial services, entrepreneurship, financial management skills and the likes to further enhance women economic empowerment and capitalize on the impact of the program.
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    Youth Substance Abuse and HIV/AIDS in Adama Town
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-07) Tefera, Tamirat; Tadele, Getnet
    The magnitude a/substance abuse and HIVIAIDS pandemics is ever increasing alld has brought multidimensional challenges. among youths in particular, and entire nations in general. However, dala regarding the contribution of substance abuse to the spread of HIVIAIDS is scanty in Ethiopia. This study was conducted 10 explore youth substance abuse and HIVIAIDS in Adamo Town. To this end, the following research questions were raised: I) What is lite magnitude of substance abuse among youth? 2) What jactors trigger young people 10 resort 10 substance abuse? 3) What is tlte effect of substance abuse, especially its contributio" /0 the spread of HIVIAfDS? The study was based on 81 days a/fieldwork using questionnaire surveys, in-depth interviews, observation, 6 Focus Group Discussions and 5 case histories. The findings showed that different types of substances (chat, alcohol, shisha, tobacco, cannabis and inhalants) are abused either separately or in combination, 10 a great extent among youths (15-29 years old). Particularly, Catha edulis (chat) plays initiating role in cal/sing youths 10 further ,ake other substances. The substances are either locally available or imported. The youth are indulged in substance abuse for different reasons. Merton's anomie theory; Lindesmith's theory of addiction; and sub cultural pallerns and drug abuse model are therefore employed 10 comprehend the factors that (rigger the youth to substance abuse and the subsequent ramifications. Accordingly the study identified major reasons for abusing substances such as peer influence, psychological, and socioeconomic factors. Most abusers began consuming habit-forming substances at early ages when they were unable to differentiate between good and bad. Some substance abusing practices have ceremonies and processes that sometimes pave the way for sexual intercourse. Most often youth substance abusers indulge in unsafe sexual intercourse after they abuse substances. Psychological and social problems, economic crisis, and health problems are some of the effects that stem from substance abuse. Moreover, abusing substances could aggral'ate the spread of HIVIAIDS. The efforts made by some organizations to reduce the rampal1l prevalence of substance abuse and lheir adverse impacts are diametrically incompatible with the magnitude of the problem. Therefore, on the basis of Ihe findings, the researcher recommends creating job opportunities, increasing awareness and recreational facilities, and avoiding stigma and discrimination towards youth substance abusers and AIDS patients.