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  1. Home
  2. Browse by Author

Browsing by Author "Tefera, Solomon"

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    Handling Pronunciation Variation Using Hybrid Approach in Continuous, Speaker Independent Speech Recognition for Amharic
    (Addis Ababa Universiy, 2014-10) Teka, Shimekit; Tefera, Solomon
    The problem of modeling promllciation variation lies in accurately predicting the word pronunciations that occur in the test material .In order to achieve this, the pronunciation variants must first be obtained in some way or other i.e. from pronunciation data or from pre-specified phonological rules based on linguistic knowledge. In this study, first models was developed using canonical dictionary as a reference with total data set of 950 sentences of which 700 for training and the remaining 250 are used for testing model Two models were developed using knowledge based and data driven adding variants to the respective dictionaries. Lastly another model: hybrid approach was developed. This model is supposed to avoid the short coming of the two models, knowledge based and data driven. In light of this, the model developed using hybrid approach has shown better performance. The better progress obtained is due to the fact that in case of knowledge based approach, the variant added mayor may not really appear in the text audio. in contrary, during data driven the variants actually appear in audio but it is very difficult to listen and identify all words with variation. Thus the experiment undertaken in this study revealed that combining the two approaches (hybrid) is the best way for handling pronunciation variation.
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    The Lived Experience of the Abused Elderly People in Bishoftu Town: A Phenomenological Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06) Tefera, Solomon; Legesse, Mengistu (PhD)
    This research was undertaken with the objective of describing the lived experience of the abused elderly people in Bishoftu town, Ethiopia. The research was designed based on the philosophy that reality is constructed and emanates from the individual's ilmer world. Hence, a qualitative & phenomenological design was adopted. Six participants (3 females and 3 males) took part in this research by adopting a standardized screening tool and a non-probability sampling procedure. Accordingly, the meaning attached to aging had been affected by the environment and psychological abuse was identified as the most agonizing type of abuse. Family members being major abusers, home was the setting where most elder mistreatments took place. Regarding gender, males and females have had a different experience of abuse. As age increases, people become cautious about 'death' and ' spirituality'. Prayer, politeness, and patience had been identified as coping mechanisms to deal with abusive situations. The conclusion was that elder abuse is a multifaceted issue which should be addressed by considering the biological, psychological, economic, spiritual, and socio-cultural dimensions that underlie it and the differences and commonalities among the elderly. In general, the research has an implication for social work practitioners, future researchers and policy makers who are interested to work around the issue of ageing in general and the issue of elder abuse in particular. Key Words: Elderly, ageism, population aging, lived experience, elder abuse, victim, perpetrator, risk/actors, setting.
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    Photofading and Photodecomposition Studies of Some Ind igold dyes
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 1982-06) Tefera, Solomon; Haucke, Gunter (PhD)
    T h e l i g h t f a s t n e s s o f f i v e i n d i g o i d d y e s i n b e n z e n e i s e x a m i n e d . O f t h e f i v e d y e s ; i n d i g o s h o w e d t h e l e a s t r e s i s - t a n c e t o f a d i n g a n d t h i o i n d i g o s c a r 1 e t , t h e h i g h e s t . T h e p h o - t o f a d i n g o f i n d i g o i s e x a m i n e d u n d e r a i r , o x y g e n a n d n i t r o g e n . T h e f a d i n g w a s f a s t e s t^o x y g e n a n d s l o w e s t u n d e r n i t r o g e n . N , H 1 - d i a c e t 1 i n d i g o s h o w e d s i m i l a r v a r i a t i o n i n f a d i n g u n d e r d i f f e r e n t a t m o s p h e r e s . T h e p h o t o f n d i n y o f i n d i g o a n d N » U ‘— d i a c e t y 1 i n d i g o s h o w e d l i t t l e v a r i a t i o n w h e n e x p o s e d a s s o l u - t i o n s i n p o l a r o r n o n - p o l a r s o l v e n t s . P h o t o d e c o m p o s i t i o n o f i n d i g o i s a f f e c t e d t o s o m e e x t e n t w h e n d i f f e r e n t s o l v e n t s a r e u s e d . T h e e f f e c t o f o x y g e n i s s i g n i f i c a n t i n o u t c o m p e - t i n g o t h e r p h o t o c h e m i c a l r e a c t i o n s o t h e r t h a n p h o t o o x i d a t i o n t o i s a t i n . T h e a b s e n c e o f o x y g e n f r o m t h e d y e s o l u t i o n r e s u - l t s i n a m u l t i c o m p o n e n t p h o t o p r o d u c t . N , H ' - d i a c e t y l i n d i g o i s n o t a f f e c t e d b y c h a n g e o f s o l v e n t b u t i s a f f e c t e d b y c h a n g e o f a t m o s p h e r e , i n a l l c a s e s i t s h o w s l e s s n u m b e r s o f f r a g m e - n t a t i o n p r o d u c t s . T h e p h o t o f a d i n g a n d p h o t o d e c o m p o s i t i o n s t u d i e s s h o w t h a t a s p r e v i o u s l y s u s p e c t e d ; o x y g e n i s a m a j o r f a c t o r f o r t h e f a s t p h o t o f a d i n g i n d i g o a n d N , N 1 - d i a c e t y 1 i n - d i g o . T h e p h o t o d e c o m p o s i t i o n p r o d u c t s o f i n d i g o w e r e i s o l a t e d a s s i x c o m p o n e n t s . O n e o f t h e s e i s i d e n t i f i e d a s a - l a c t a m b y a v a i l a b l e m e a n s . I t s f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e p h o t o d e c o m p o s i t i o n o f i s a t i n i s a n a d d i t i o n a l e v i d e n c e . O n e p h o t o d e c o m p o s i t i o n p r o d u c t f r o m M , N 1 - d i a c e t y l 1 n d i g o h a s a l s o b e e n a s s i g n e d a m o s t p r o b a b l e s t r u c t u r e o f a n N - a c e t y l - l a c t a m a n a l o g u e o f t h e o n e f o u n d f r o m t h e p h o t o d e c o m p o s i t i o n o f i n d i g o

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