Browsing by Author "Shikur, Bilal(PhD)"

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    Dietary Pattern of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Follow Up in Public Hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) T/Michael, Tsedey; Shikur, Bilal(PhD); Hagos, Seifu
    Background Controlled diet plays a major role in delaying diseases progression among diabetes patients. Diabetes patients often have difficulty of identifying the recommended type, quality and quantity of diet. Knowledge of a recommended diet for diabetes patients influences patient’s food selection and dietary pattern .This study aimed to assess the dietary pattern of type 2 diabetes patients in relation to the recommended dietary guideline and identify the patterns with optimal glycemic control. Objective: To assess the dietary pattern and knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on the recommended diet in public hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: The study employed Institutional based cross-sectional study design from July 2015 to June 2016.We used a semi quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) with 67 food items to evaluate the dietary pattern and nutrient intake of type 2 diabetes patients. We identified dietary patterns using factor analysis. The relationship between the dietary patterns and glycemic control was investigated by multivariate regression analysis using STATA version12.1. Result- A total of 385 patients with diabetes were included in the study. Five dietary patterns were identified. The dietary patterns were; (i) the “cereals, vegetable, legumes and fruits”, (ii) the “cereal, meat, vegetable and wine”, (iii) the “fast food” and (iv) the” vegetable and coffee”, (v) the “sweet and dairy product” dietary pattern. Carbohydrate mean intake was higher than the recommended daily allowance while energy is lower but the intake of total fat, protein, and fiber were within the recommended daily allowance. The “cereals, vegetable legumes and fruits”, and the “cereal, meat, vegetable and wine” dietary patterns were positively associated with good glycemic control. Poor dietary knowledge was found in more than half (55.8%) of the patients. Conclusion and recommendation.-Being a member of diabetes association and those who got more advice from a doctor were more likely to follow healthy dietary pattern. Those who follows varied pattern (vegetable, fruit, legumes & cereal) based had good control of glycemia. More than half of the patients had poor dietary knowledge. Integrating dietary education in the management of diabetes mellitus could lead to better outcome. Key words -Type 2 diabetes, dietary pattern, knowledge, semi quantitative FFQ, Factor analysis
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    Prevalence and Factors Associated with Work Related Injuries among Iron and Steel Industries workers Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Tora, Zeleke; Belachew, Ayele(PhD); Shikur, Bilal(PhD)
    Background Occupational accidents and work-related diseases cause over 2.3 million fatalities annually. This means that each year 54,000 workers die and 42 million work related accidents take place that cause at least three days’ absence from work∙ Although few studies in Ethiopia showed that the prevalence of work related injury reaches up to 78.3%. But studies in iron and steel industries in Addis Ababa showed inconsistent finding. This study is believed to avoid uncertainty on previous findings and provide further information that may help policy makers, and trade unions in their efforts to improve occupational health and safety in iron and steel industries in Ethiopia. Objective - To assess the prevalence of work related injuries and associated risk factors among iron and steel industries workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Methods- Institution based cross sectional study was conducted from March to April 2015 among 1110 randomly selected workers in Iron and steel industries. Data was collected using structured questionnaire by trained data collectors and analyzed using SPSS window version 20 where descriptive and logistics regression computed to see association between different factors and work related injuries. Result- The overall prevalence of occupational and work related injury was 35%. Among factors, Sex(male) [AOR 1.96, 95%CI: (1.05, 3.67)], Employment condition being temporary employee [AOR 2.65, 95%CI: (1.49, 4.71)], untrained on safety and health [AOR 1.92, 95%CI: (1.19, 3.11)], no shifting [AOR 1.50, 95%CI: (1.02, 2.21)], presence work place violence [AOR 1.88, 95%CI: (1.18, 2.98)], safe solid waste disposal system [AOR 2.01, 95%CI: (1.35, 3.02)] machine work [AOR 1.71, 95%CI: (1.13, 2.59)], unguarded machine [AOR 2.35, 95%CI: (1.46, 3.78)], cigarette smoking [AOR 4.78, 95%CI: (2.32, 2.59)], sleeping disorder [AOR 2.01, 95%CI: (1.16, 3.75)] and not using personal protective equipments [AOR 4.26, 95%CI: (2.78, 6.53)] were significantly associated with presence of injury. Conclusion and recommendation - the magnitude of work related injury in iron and steel industries was high and lack of safety and health training, work place violence, sleeping on work place, unavailability of safe waste disposal system, smoking cigarette, working on unguarded machine and not using PPE identified as risk factors. Therefore safety and health training and proper using of PPE should be given due attention in all iron and steel industries. Key words - work related injury, Iron and steel factors
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    Unhealthy Weight Control Practice and Related Factors among Female High School Adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Ajeme, Tigest; Shikur, Bilal(PhD); Shawel, Dawit (PhD)
    Background: Weight control strategies are increasing in both developed and developing countries. Female adolescents tend to engage in various unhealthy weight control practices. These practices are considered to have association with psychological factors such as body weight misperception and socio-cultural factors like peer influences. However little is known about such practices among female high school adolescents in Addis Ababa. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of unhealthy weight control practice and related factors among female high school adolescents in Addis Ababa. Methods: A school based cross-sectional study was conducted among 721 female high school adolescents who were randomly selected from both private and government schools. A stratified multi-stage sampling procedure was followed. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used. Anthropometric measurement was taken to calculate Body Mass Index-for-age. Depression was measured using patient health questionnaire-9 depression measurement scale. Body part satisfaction scale was translated in to the local Amharic language and tested for face validity. Internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach‟s alpha. EPI data version 3.1 and STATA version14 were used to enter, clean and analyze data. Result: - We have found that 378 (57.1%) of female high school adolescents were engaged in unhealthy weight control practice. Perceived over weight [AOR=5.7, 95% CI: 1.17-27.90], being overweight [AOR=5.22, 95% CI: 1.42-19.23], peer influence [AOR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.05-3.28] and middle torso dissatisfaction [AOR= 1.4, 95% CI: 1.05-1.89] were found to have significant association with unhealthy weight control practice. Conclusion: - The study showed that unhealthy weight control practice is prevalent among female high school adolescents in Addis Ababa. Peer influence, dissatisfaction of the middle torso (the abdomen and waist area), overweight perception and being overweight were found to have association with unhealthy weight control practice. Therefore preventive intervention designs that address body image misperception, body part dissatisfaction, overweight/obesity and peer influence problems should be warranted in light of the high prevalence of unhealthy weight control practice