Browsing by Author "Shikur, Bilal"

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    Incomplete vaccination and associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in Yirgalem Town, South Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2015-05) Mesfin, Michael; Shikur, Bilal
    Background: Immunization is one of the most successful public health initiatives. Each year, vaccination averts an estimated 2-3 million deaths from diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough) and measles. In 2011, nearly 107 million infants (83%) worldwide received at least 3 doses of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTP) vaccine; however, approximately 22.4 million failed to receive 3 doses, leaving large numbers of children susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases and death. EPI cluster survey conducted in Ethiopia on 2012 revealed; only 50% of children 12-23 months of age fully complete their vaccination Objective: To assess incomplete vaccination and associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in Yirgalem Town, South Ethiopia Methodology: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Yirgalem Town from February15- march 30, 2015. A total of 473 caregivers who have children of aged between 12-23 months were included in this study from all urban kebeles of Yirgalem town. Modified 2005 WHO EPI cluster sampling method was implemented. Interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to test the association between independent and dependent variables using binary logistic regression model. Result: From total of 473 children included in the study 96(20%) of them didn‟t complete their vaccination according to schedule for routine immunization. DPT-HepB-Hib1- DPT-HepB-Hib3 dropout was 15%. More than half of respondents 289(61%) knew that the vaccination program should be finished at the age of nine months. The study revealed that children were less likely to incomplete vaccination if their primary caregivers knew the benefit of vaccinating child, the age to complete vaccination and advised about the importance of full vaccination. Mothers ANC attendance (AOR=5.3, 95% CI: 1.12, 25) and place of delivery during their last child (AOR=8, 95% CI: 1.92, 33) were significantly associated with vaccination incompletion among children aged 12-23 months. Conclusion: There is low Vaccination coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Yirgalem town compared to national and global target. Caregiver‟s educational level, knowledge on benefit of vaccinating child and age to complete immunization, ANC follow up and institutional delivery are significant associated with incomplete vaccination on this study. Yirgalem town health office and health facilities in town should work to Increase community awareness through Intensive health education activities about the benefit and need to complete the entire schedule of vaccination.
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    Maternal undernutrition indicators as proxy indicators of their offspring’s undernutrition: Evidence from 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2016) Mohamed, Alinoor; Shikur, Bilal
    Background: The intergenerational continuity of undernutrition is influenced by shared genetic, household socio-economic and cultural resources which will be associated with the mother and the child nutritional status, possibly to the same degree. Provided that this assumption is valid, assessing maternal nutritional status will provide an effective screening tool for their children nutrition status. Objective: To examine whether maternal undernutrition indicators can be used as a proxy indicator of their offspring’s undernutrition. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS 2011). An analytical sample of 8,505 children whose mothers are not pregnant and live with their biological mothers was included. The bivariate associations between nutritional indices of the mother and the children were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficients. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and area under Roc curves were calculated. We performed ROC regression analysis to determine factor that affects the accuracy of maternal underweight as a screening tool. We further performed rocreg postestimation to determine where exactly the test performed best. Results: Mean BMI of mothers with stunted children was 20.01 (95% CI: 19.86–20.16), whereas that mothers with no stunted children was 20.46 (95% CI: 20.31– 20.62). Similarly, children who experienced underweight or wasting had mothers who had consistently lower BMI than those who did not (p <0.001). The sensitivity of maternal underweight (defined by BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) as a predictor of child’s nutritional status (<-2 z-scores) is low, failing to reach 50% for any of the child nutrition indices. In the roc regression analysis, maternal BMI(<18.5 kg/m2) became a more accurate predictor of wasting among children whose mother are older (β = -0.014, p=0.002) and higher parity(β= -0.035, p <0.001), and among children who are not currently breastfeeding (β= -0.042, p = 0.006) and from richer households (β= -0.037, p <0.001). Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that maternal undernutrition indicators are less informative in predicting their offspring’s undernutrition, although maternal BMI (<18.5kg/m2) may be a better measure of wasting among children whose mothers gave birth to four children and among children from richest households.
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    Relationship between malaria and malnutrition among under-five children in Adami Tulu district, south-central Ethiopia: a case- control study
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2014) Shikur, Bilal; Deressa, Wakgari(PhD)
    Background Malaria and malnutrition are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in under-five children in developing countries including Ethiopia. Malnutrition is an underplaying cause in about half of all deaths occurring among children in developing countries. However, the relationship between malnutrition and malaria is still controversial. This relationship has not been well documented in Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether malnutrition is associated with malaria among under-five children in Adami Tulu district, South-central Ethiopia. Methods A case-control study was conducted in Adami Tulu District, south-central Ethiopia. Cases were all under-five children diagnosed with confirmed malaria, in selected health facilities, during the data collection period. Controls were apparently healthy under-five children recruited from the community where cases reside. Mothers/caretakers of under-five children were interviewed using pre-tested structured questionnaire prepared for this purpose. Nutritional status of children was assessed by anthropometric method and analyzed using WHO Anthro. Data were entered using EPi Info version 3.5.4 and exported to SPSS version 21 for cleaning and analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analysis methods were used. Results: Four hundred twenty eight under-five children comprising of 107 cases and 321 controls were included in this study. The mean age was 28 (SD±14) months for cases and 33 (SD±16) months for controls. Prevalence of stunting was 50.5% in cases and 45.2% in controls. Prevalence of underweight was 24.3 % in cases and 18% in controls. Prevalence of wasting was 17.8 % in cases and 9.3% in controls. Severe wasting (adjusted OR=2.951, 95% CI: 1.145, 7.605), mid-upper arm circumference between -2 and -3 SD (adjusted OR =3.019, 95% CI: 1.457, 6.253) and caretakers who had no education (adjusted OR=2.999, 95% CI: 1.266, 7.102) were independently associated with malarial attack in under-five children. Conclusion: Those under-five children, who were severely wasted, had MUAC between -2 and - 3 SD and with uneducated caretakers had higher odds of malarial attack. Therefore, Malaria control programmes should consider integrating nutritional interventions.