Browsing by Author "Senay Getahun"

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    Bacterial Isolates and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern from Sterile Body Fluids at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-02-13) Senay Getahun; Kassu Desta
    Background: Sterile body fluid infection requires rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment because its morbidity and mortality are high. Continuous laboratory surveillance is important to guide clinicians in providing effective preventive and evidence-based therapies to achieve this goal. Objectives: The study aimed to determine bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility patterns from sterile body fluids at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to December 30, 2023, among 205 randomly selected patients. Data were collected through interviews using a pretested questionnaire. Sterile body fluids submitted to the laboratory were processed according to standard laboratory procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. ESBL & CRE detection were made using cephalosporin/ clavulanate combination discs & modified Hodge test, respectively. Data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS v26. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the association between the outcome and predictor variables. Result: Approximately one-fifth (19.5%, n=40) of the processed samples were culture-positive. Most of the pathogens detected were gram-negative bacteria (GNB), 72.5%, while gram-positive bacteria accounted for 27.5%. Gram-negative isolates were 86.2% sensitive to amikacin & meropenem (76%), while gram-positive isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (72.7%). Among GNB, 68.2% were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers, while 36.4% were carbapenemase producers. MDR, mostly associated with penicillins and third-generation cephalosporins, was detected in 67.5% of the isolates. Culture positivity was associated with rural residence (AOR: 3.86, 95% CI: 1.58-9.42, P = 0.003), inpatient status (AOR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.17 5.99, P = 0.019), comorbidities (AOR: 5.46, 95% CI: 2.22-13.40, P = 0.001) and turbid appearance (AOR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.17-9.70, P = 0.024). Conclusion: In this study, significant drug resistance to commonly prescribed beta-lactam antibiotics and a high MDR were observed, necessitating the use of prudent antibiotics in hospital and community settings by all healthcare workers and policymakers. Keywords: sterile body fluid infection, antimicrobial resistance, extended-spectrum beta lactamase, antibiotic stewardship, Tikur Anbessa, Ethiopia
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    Bacterial Isolates and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern From Sterile Body Fluids at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis abeba unvirsity, 2024-08-10) Senay Getahun; Kassu Desta
    Background: Sterile body fluid infection requires rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment because its morbidity and mortality are high. Continuous laboratory surveillance is important to guide clinicians in providing effective preventive and evidence-based therapies to achieve this goal. Objectives: The study aimed to determine bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility patterns from sterile body fluids at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to December 30, 2023, among 205 randomly selected patients. Data were collected through interviews using a pretested questionnaire. Sterile body fluids submitted to the laboratory were processed according to standard laboratory procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. ESBL & CRE detection were made using cephalosporin/ clavulanate combination discs & modified Hodge test, respectively. Data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS v26. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the association between the outcome and predictor variables. Result: Approximately one-fifth (19.5%, n=40) of the processed samples were culture-positive. Most of the pathogens detected were gram-negative bacteria (GNB), 72.5%, while gram-positive bacteria accounted for 27.5%. Gram-negative isolates were 86.2% sensitive to amikacin & meropenem (76%), while gram-positive isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (72.7%). Among GNB, 68.2% were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers, while 36.4% were carbapenemase producers. MDR, mostly associated with penicillins and third-generation cephalosporins, was detected in 67.5% of the isolates. Culture positivity was associated with rural residence (AOR: 3.86, 95% CI: 1.58-9.42, P = 0.003), inpatient status (AOR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.17 5.99, P = 0.019), comorbidities (AOR: 5.46, 95% CI: 2.22-13.40, P = 0.001) and turbid appearance (AOR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.17-9.70, P = 0.024). Conclusion: In this study, significant drug resistance to commonly prescribed beta-lactam antibiotics and a high MDR were observed, necessitating the use of prudent antibiotics in hospital and community settings by all healthcare workers and policymakers. Keywords: sterile body fluid infection, antimicrobial resistance, extended-spectrum beta lactamase, antibiotic stewardship, Tikur Anbessa, Ethiopia
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    Hematological and Lipid Profiles Before and After Statin Treatment in Patients with Dyslipidemia at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Retrospective Cohort and Cross-Sectional Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-07-13) Serkalem Ayele; Senay Getahun
    Background: Dyslipidemia is a plasma lipid abnormality. Statins are a widely used lipid lowering drug. Previous studies have demonstrated the association of hematological parameters with lipid profiles and the effect of statin on these parameters. However, the results are still controversial and their application in clinical practice is limited, so this study was conducted to improve the significance of hematological parameters in dyslipidemia patients. Objective: To determine the effect of statin treatment on hematological parameters in patients with dyslipidemia from August to November, 2023 at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Methods: A cross-sectional study from August to November 2023 was conducted at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia. Patients with dyslipidemia, 158 who have been taking statin for at least 3 months and 158 controls who monitor their serum lipids by lifestyle modification were enrolled in the study. They were selected by a convenient sampling method. Hematological and lipid profiles were analyzed by Beckman Coulter and Cobas 6000 analyzers, respectively. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. The normality of the data was checked by the Kolmogrov-smimov test. A parametric or non-parametric test was used for data analysis. All statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. Result: A total of 316 dyslipidemia patients, 158 on statin treatment for at least three months, and 158 statin naive controls were participated in the study. The majority of them had diabetes and hypertension. After the treatment, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and triglyceride were reduced significantly. White blood cell (WBC), red cell distribution width (RDW), and mean platelet volume decreased (MPV) (from 7.01±.1.6 to 6.7±1.6, 14.1±1.08 to 12.8±0.7, and 10.04±1.15 to 9.70±.99, respectively) with a p-value < 0.05. The change observed in RDW showed a correlation with the change that occurred in LDL-C. Conclusion: the study showed difference before and after Statin Treatment in Patients with Dyslipidemia on WBC, MPV and RDW parameters values; hence, these parameters could be used as additional tools to monitor patient status after statin treatment. Key words: hematological profile, dyslipidemia, statin