Browsing by Author "Mulugeta Tamire"

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    Assessment of Barriers of Behavioral Change to Stop FGM Practice among Women of Kebri Beyah District, Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2015-05) Mirgisa Kaba; Mulugeta Tamire
    Background: Among harmful traditional practices, Female genital mutilation/ cutting (FGM/C) is widely practiced across the world. The practice involves either partial or total removal of the female external genitalia for various reasons. FGM is documented to be rooted in religious, personal and societal factors. The practice is documented to be widespread across Ethiopia and is believed to be widely practiced in Somali region. Objective: To assess barriers of behavioral change to stop FGM practice among women of Kebri Beyah district in Somali region, where the high prevalence of FGM is documented. Methods: A community-based cross-section study design was applied. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to generate relevant evidence. A total of 633 households drawn from five randomly selected kebeles involved in the quantitative part of the study. Participants were purposefully identified and involved in the qualitative study. The survey data was analyzed by SPSS version 21. Multivariate analyses were carried out to examine the existence of a relationship between dependent and socio demographic characteristics. On the other hand, qualitative data were analyzed thematically and the result was presented in narration. Results: This study revealed that 62.7% of the respondents have intention to circumcise their daughter in the future. Religion was the major reasons for the perpetuation of this practice. About 73.2% of circumcision was performed by traditional birth attendants. Eighty seven percent of participants responded that FGM was being practiced in that area. More than 79.9% of participants were undergone Sunni type of circumcision. Most 89.8% of respondents were found to have good knowledge about negative health outcome of FGM and 66.1% of respondents had negative attitude towards FGM. Literate women were less likely intending to continue FGM compared to illiterate women (AOR=0.58, 95% CI; (0.42-0.91)). Those who have television at home have less intention for continuation of FGM compared to those who have not television. (AOR=0.49, 95% CI: (0.36, 0.77)) Conclusion: The study shows that the intention to stop female genital circumcision was less in Kebri Beyah district. Most of women in this study have good knowledge about the negative health outcome and negative attitude towards FGM. Yet, the prevalence of FGM/FGC is still high in the study area. Most of them undergo Sunni (clitoridectomy) type of circumcision. Traditional birth attendants were the main operators of female circumcision. Intention of women to stop FGM showed association with education status and television. Religious organizations should have to explain to the community that there is no religious justification for the practice of FGM. Local organizations, community and religious leaders should play major role in the process to bring good intention to stop FGM within the entire community by arranging training, workshops, media campaign, public speech and outreach for awareness creation programmers.
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    Assessment of Barriers that Delay For Acute Malnutrition Treatment Services among Caretakers Having Under-Five Children in Lay-Gaynt, Northwest Ethiopia: 2020. Descriptive Qualitative Study.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-11) Habtemariam Abate; Adugnaw Birhane; Mulugeta Tamire
    Background: about 55 million children under the age of five suffer from acute malnutrition. The problem is aggravated by acute malnutrition treatment delay due to different barriers. As pointed out in Nigeria, about 39% of the population access health facility within one hour walk during the dry season and it decreased to 24% during the wet season(1). Likewise, evidences showed that there was a high admission rate for under-five children in Ethiopia. However; evidences in the study area were rare to explore the barriers for early treatment. Thus, exploring barriers that delay for acute malnutrition cares of under-5 children qualitatively to have detail understanding and evidence-based interventions in a holistic approach are vital. Objectives: The objective aimed to explore the barriers that delay for acute malnutrition treatment services among parents/caregivers having under-five children from June 01/2020 to August 28/2020. Methods:A descriptive qualitative content analysis study with a purposive sampling technique were employed to conduct in-depth interview and key informant interview. The data was collected by two trained research assistants from6 parents/care givers for in-depth interviewsand16participants for the key informant interview with observations of the practice. Open code version 4.02 software was used for data management during analysis. Coding and codebook were prepared. There were simultaneous data collection and initial analysis to grasp what was said and how it was said by memoing; verbatim transcription was undertaken. A qualitative content analysis method was hired to conduct the analysis process. Result: Parents faced lack of health seeking behavior: lack of awareness, perceptions of illness behavior, poverty, workload and traditional beliefs; poor infrastructures and difficult geographical setup, the travel distance, in accessibility of the service, and lack of organized treatment facility, COVID-19 pandemic, lack of sustainable interventions, lack of skilled and committed health worker, lack of health worker training, discontinuity of stock supply and long waiting time to receive the treatment were identified as the barrier for early prevention and treatment of under-5 child acute malnutrition. Conclusion: The health education and promotion on social behaviour change communication (SBCC)had to be strengthened, and monitored along with health workers skill development and successive trainings. There should be strong and close monitoring and evaluation of the impacts of the service provision and inter-sectoral collaborations among different sectors. It also needs to evaluate the impacts of projects in the area on SBCC forAMTS
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    Assessment of Infection Prevention Practice and Associated Factors Among Health Professionals in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital ,Addis Abeba
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-12) Abebe Anteneh; Abera Kumie; Mulugeta Tamire
    Introduction: Hospital Acquired Infections are a major global safety concern for patients, healthcare professionals and the community. Health care workers had potentially exposed to infectious materials such as blood, tissue, specific body fluids, medical supplies, equipment or environmental surfaces contaminated with these substances. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess infection prevention practices among health professionals and associated factors in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, 2019. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from March to April 2019. The study populations were Health care professionals selected using simple random sampling. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire supplemented by observation. Data was entered in to Epi version 7.2.1 and exported to SPSS version 22 for further analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated to with infection prevention practices. Findings were presented using odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. A P-value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: 396(94.5%) Health care professionals participated in the study. The mean age of participants was 28.54 years, and 188 (47.5%) were males and 208(52.5%) were females. 305(77%) of health care professionals are knowledgeable and 281(71%) of the respondents were found to be positive attitude towards infection prevention. 230(53.8%, (95%CI: 49.0-58.1)) had good infection prevention practices. Having good knowledge on infection prevention measures (AOR =3.66, 95%CI:(2.005,6.704)), having infection prevention guidelines on infection prevention practices (AOR=1.926, 95%CI:(1.148,3.230)) and average working hours per week (AOR=1.866, 95%CI (1.037,3.356)) were predictors of infection prevention practices. Conclusion: The results of the study show that half of (53.8%) HCPs had good infection prevention practices. Having good knowledge, availability of infection prevention guideline and average working hour per week of health professionals are predictors of good infection prevention practices. As a result, to sustain and improve good infection prevention practices, adequate pre service as well as on job trainings should be given and accessing infection prevention guidelines in each department.
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    Health-Related Quality of Life of Stroke Survivors Having Follow-Up at the Stroke Clinic in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A qualitative study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-02-13) Walelign Worku; Abenet Tafesse; Yared Zenebe; Seblewongel Asmare; Mulugeta Tamire
    Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide. Patients who survive the acute insult often suffer from multiple morbidities including physical, psychological, cognitive and socio-economic burdens.Prior studies have shown that most stroke survivors face a low health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Despite the growing prevalence and incidence of stroke in Ethiopia, there is a dearth of information on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of stroke survivors in the country. Our study aims to bridge this knowledge gap and inform the responsible bodies to design mitigating strategies that will improve stroke patients’ quality of life. Objectives: This study aims to understand the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of adult stroke survivors who have follow-up at the stroke clinic of in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A qualitative study using a descriptive phenomenology approach was conducted. The study used a non-probability purposive sampling method to find the maximum variation in participants by age, gender, residence, type, and duration of stroke. After explaining the objectives and importance of the study, consent in written form was taken from all participants.Data was collected through an in-depth interview using a semi-structured questionnaire and voice recorder. The audio recordings were transcribed and qualitative thematic analysis was performed using the NVIVO 15 software. . Result: A total of 16 participants were enrolled for an in-depth interview until saturation was achieved. There were 10 male and 6 female participants. 13 Participants were from Addis Ababa. Four themes emerged from the data. The first was physical and psychological disempowerment, in which survivors reported severe motor deficits (e.g., limb weakness, speech impairments...), dependency, and emotional struggles, including identity crises, anxiety, and depression. The second theme was the socioeconomic burden from substantial personal spending on medications, transportation, and physiotherapyservice which exacerbated the decrease in activities of daily living (ADL). The third theme, which is work area challenges like job loss and workplace discrimination, on the other hand, was a challenge for our stroke survivors. Social stigma and isolation also had a major impact on performing their ADLs. According to the findings, Spirituality as a resilience factor, on the other hand, had the most positive impact on survivors. Conclusions: Our findings showed that stroke survivors faced multidimensional challenges spanning from their home to their environment that severely impair their HRQoL. The challenges identified in this study were related to physical disability, psychological distress, economic crisis, social isolation and stigma, and work place challenges. These findings underscore the need for a comprehensive intervention that will address the physical, emotional, and socioeconomic needs of stroke survivors. Notably, spirituality had a positive impact on survivors' HRQOL, suggesting its potential integration into care plans.
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    Prevalence and Belief in the Continuation of Female Genital Cutting among High School Girls, in Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2011.
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2011-05) Mulugeta Tamire; Mitike Molla
    Background: Female Genital Cutting (FGC) is a cultural practice affecting 100-140 million girls and women across the world and putting 3 million females at risk every year in Africa. Although the trend is slowly decreasing in Ethiopia the magnitude is still very high as the procedure has no any known benefit but has many consequences. Objective: To assess the prevalence and beliefs in the continuation of FGC among high school girls in Hadiya zone of southern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative survey with complementary qualitative method was carried out among high school girls in Hadiya zone from January 2011 to February 2011. There were a total of 10587 female students within 12 governmental high schools in the zone, 797 were systematically selected from four high schools to participate in completing a self-administered questionnaire for this study. There was a response rate of 97.8%. Three focus group discussions with community and in-depth interviews with circumcisers were conducted using a semi-structured guide. Results: Six hundred forty one (82.2%) of the girls were circumcised at a mean age of 9 years. Half of the total participants responded that FGC was being practiced in their village. A majority 675(86.7%) had stated that FGC is harmful, while 606(77.7%) thought that a girl has the right not to be circumcised. More than half, 384(59.9%) of the cutting was performed by traditional circumcisers while 186(30%) of the cutting was performed by health professionals. Group circumcision is common in the area, 429(67%) were circumcised in groups and majority 528(82.5) of the cutting was in their own homes. Few of the circumcised girls, 60(9.4%) supported their status as a circumcised girl and only 5 % believe in the continuation of FGC. Conclusion: While there is an urgent need to stop the practice of FGC in Hadiya zone, cultural, beliefs related to maintain the hygiene of the genitalia and social factors are sustaining the practice. Therefore, there should be collaborative efforts from Governmental and non-Governmental organizations to support and bring change within the entire community.
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    Prevalence and Belief in the Continuation of Female Genital Cutting among High School Girls, in Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2011.
    (Addis Abeba university, 2011-05) Mulugeta Tamire; Mitike Molla
    Background: Female Genital Cutting (FGC) is a cultural practice affecting 100-140million girls and women across the world and putting 3 million females at risk every year in Africa. Although the trend is slowly decreasing in Ethiopia the magnitude is still very high as the procedure has no any known benefit but has many consequences. Objective: To assess the prevalence and beliefs in the continuation of FGC among high school girls in Hadiya zone of southern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative survey with complementary qualitative method was carried out among high school girls in Hadiya zone from January 2011 to February2011. There were a total of 10587 female students within 12 governmental high schools in the zone, 797 were systematically selected from four high schools to participate in completing a self-administered questionnaire for this study. There was a response rate of 97.8%. Three focus group discussions with community and in-depth interviews withcircumcisers were conducted using a semi-structured guide. Results: Six hundred forty one (82.2%) of the girls were circumcised at a mean age of 9 years. Half of the total participants responded that FGC was being practiced in their village. A majority 675(86.7%) had stated that FGC is harmful, while 606(77.7%) thought that a girl has the right not to be circumcised. More than half, 384(59.9%) of the cutting was performed by traditional circumcisers while 186(30%) of the cutting was performed by health professionals. Group circumcision is common in the area, 429(67%) were circumcised in groups and majority 528(82.5) of the cutting was in their own homes. Few of the circumcised girls, 60(9.4%) supported their status as a circumcised girl and only 5 % believe in the continuation of FGC. Conclusion: While there is an urgent need to stop the practice of FGC in Hadiya zone, cultural, beliefs related to maintain the hygiene of the genitalia and social factors are sustaining the practice. Therefore, there should be collaborative efforts from Governmental and non-Governmental organizations to support and bring change within the entire community
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    Sexual Assault and Psychosocial Support among Survivors at Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-11) Selamawit Mengistu ; Eshetu Girma; Mulugeta Tamire
    Background: In Ethiopia, the pooled prevalence of lifetime sexual violence was found to be 39.33% in 2018. Sexual assault survivors face medical and psychological problems after the assault. Relevant and reliable data on sexual assault is critical to inform the knowledge we have about the burden, risk factors, circumstances and consequences surrounding sexual assault. Objectives: This study aims to assess the sexual assault experiences and psychosocial support of sexual assault survivors at Gandhi hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: The study used a mixed method approach including a facility based cross-sectional design and case study design. The study was conducted at Gandhi memorial hospital one-stop center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 176 survivors and 6 key informants were recruited. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 and qualitative data was coded using open code version 4.03 and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: A total of one hundred seventy-six (176) women sexual assault survivors participated in this study. From the 176 women, majority 76.7% of the women were between the ages of 14 to 19. Majority 91.5% of survivors reported vaginal rape. The perpetrator was a stranger in 55.1% of the cases and 44.9% of assaults were committed in the perpetrator’s home. Among the respondents 98.3% disclosed the assault to at least one person. Majority 70.5% of the survivors received positive social reaction while 94.3% received some kind of support after the sexual assault. With respect to the consequences suffered by survivors after the assault, 9.7% had unwanted pregnancy, 45.5% had depression, 63.8% had anxiety and 63.1% had post-traumatic stress disorder. Regarding predictors of mental health consequences, social reaction was found to be a significant predictor of PTSD with (p < 0.05), for every unit increase in social reaction there is 0.442 times decrease in PTSD diagnosis with (P < 0.05, OR 0.442, 95% CI 0.222, 0.880). Service providers at the one- stop center mentioned that they provide medical, psychological, and legal services for survivors in their center. The service providers also stated that the reaction the survivors receive from their social groups is mostly negative. Some of the service providers mentioned that survivors not coming to hospital early is a challenge. Another challenge pointed out was the lack of timely training and short working period within the center. For this reason, service providers recommended that the length of time they work in the center be extended to gain more experience and that training should be provided to professionals before they start working in the center. Conclusions: Most survivors in this study were aged between 14 and 19 implying that adolescent aged girls are most vulnerable for sexual assault. Majority of the survivors reported receiving positive social reaction and psychosocial support after the sexual assault. Survivors also reported consequences like unwanted pregnancy, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Social reaction was found to be a significant predictor of PTSD with every unit increase in social reaction having 0.442 times decrease in PTSD diagnosis. Thus, these findings can be used as input for future prevention strategies, health education programs and for improving service provision for sexual assault survivors.
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    Social Media Addiction among Undergraduate Students in the College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-05) Lidet Afework; Eshetu Girma; Mulugeta Tamire
    Background: Globally, 4.48 billion people use social media, one hundred fifty million new users have come online within the last twelve months, and on average, two hours and twenty-four minutes are spent on social media per day per person. Two hundred and ten million people are known to suffer from social media addiction. Hence, this study will determine the magnitude and associated factors of social media addiction in undergraduate students in college of health sciences Addis Ababa University. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the magnitude of social media addiction, and associated factors of social media addiction among undergraduate students in the College of Health Sciences at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia 2024. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences; Sefere Selam Campus .The study population were undergraduate students in college of health sciences sefere selam campus .A sample of 385 students were recruited using stratified simple random sampling. The data was collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire using ODK and analyzed using SPSS version 25 data analysis software. Multiple Linear regression was used to identify the predictors of social Media addiction. Results: The prevalence of social media addiction among undergraduate health science students at Addis Ababa University was 44.4%. The age group 18-19 and 20-22 showed the highest prevalence of social media addiction (47.3%) and (47.19%) respectively. The mean hour spent on social media per day was 3.75 hours .Social media addiction significantly varies across different age groups, departments and gender. The predictors of social media addiction were sex p value <0.000 β (.131) ,95% CI (2.388, 7.584), age p value < 0.005 β ( -.089), 95% CI (-1.979,-0.359), self-esteem p value <0.002 β ( -.103) 95% CI (-1.535,-0.325), average hour spent on social media p value<0.000 β (.216),95%CI (1.557, 3.079) and psychological distress p value<0.000 β ( .612) 95% CI (1.258, 1.589). Conclusion: In conclusion, nearly half percentage of students are addicted to social media (44.7%) Mental wellness of the students such as level of psychological distress (high) and Low level of self-esteem are predisposing students for addiction to social Media . MOH, MOE and AAU shall be aware of growing addiction to social media in undergraduate students in college of health sciences Addis Ababa University and plan on expanding students’ refreshment centers, open discussion platforms and plan on possible solution for the growing addiction to social media by involving students and researchers.
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    Traditional Medicine Usage for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Kallu District, South Wollo, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-01) Massame Tadesse ; Mulugeta Tamire; Mirgissa Kaba
    Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is neglected tropical disease that is endemic in many parts of the world, including Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, diagnostic and treatment facilities for cutaneous leishmaniasis are limited. As a result, traditional healthcare is a locally available resource that patients turn to. However, there is limited evidence on the use of traditional medicine and resources in Kallu district of the Amhara region. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore traditional medicine use and sources for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kallu district, South Wollo, Ethiopia. Methods: A qualitative study using phenomenological study approach was conducted in Kallu district, Ethiopia. The data collection was through in-depth interviews, key informant interviews and participatory observation. Purposive sampling using maximum variation was used to recruit participants for in-depth interview with cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, snowball sampling for key-informant interviews with traditional healers and criterion sampling for community leaders. The data was analyzed thematically using MAXQDA 2022 software. Results: Participants reported using local treatment options first, usually from traditional healers, to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis. Plant-based medicines are the main source of traditional medicine. Several reasons led participants to use local treatments, including limited access to and duration of modern treatment, lack of awareness, high cost of modern healthcare, belief in traditional healers' expertise and traditional medicine, and recommendations from their social circle. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated the use of traditional medicines, which are primarily derived from plant sources, as a first treatment option for cutaneous leishmaniasis. This choice is primarily driven by factors such as awareness, accessibility, affordability, personal beliefs, and recommendations from trusted individuals. To promote the adoption of modern healthcare, efforts should focus on enhancing awareness, improving accessibility, and reducing costs. Collaboration with community leaders, former patients, and local healers is also crucial.