Browsing by Author "Mohammed, Seid"

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    Adsorption-Anaerobic Digestion coupling process for molasses vinasse Treating
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-07) Mohammed, Seid; Shemelis, Kebede (PhD)
    The production of ethanol from biomass results in the co-current production of acidic material known as distillery spent wash or vinasse. It is generated at a rate of 10 to 15 times greater than the ethanol itself, and is characterized by a high dissolved organic matter content. Anaerobic digestion is the most effective methods for the treatment of such type of wastewater. In this work, a combined adsorption–anaerobic digestion treatment of distillery wastewater was studied in order to develop an effective procedure for increasing the anaerobic biodegradability of vinasse to reduce its environmental impact. The adsorption stage with banana peel as a pretreatment was evaluated for removal of phenolic compound. The removal of phenolic compound with this biosorbent was carried out using Box-Behnken experimental design taking 3 factors, adsorbent dose, contact time, and particle size. The maximum phenol removal recorded was 76.425% at the optimum condition (adsorbent dose of 20 g/L, contact time of 129.98 min, and particle size of 0.53 mm). Removals of 22% in chemical oxygen demand (COD) was obtained in this stage. Among the adsorption isotherm models analyzed, the Langmuir model fitted best to the experimental data with maximum adsorption capacity of 4.12 mg/g, and also the adsorption mechanism follows pseudo-second order model. The pretreated vinasse was undergone to an anaerobic digestion process in the second stage under mesophilic condition. After anaerobic digestion, a global removal of 84% in COD, and over 95% in phenols content were obtained. It was shown that, a combination of treatment method (i.e. banana peel biosorption and anaerobic digestion) is a promising option for simultaneous removal of phenol and COD from molasses vinasse under the stated conditions.
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    Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Immediate Postpartum Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device and Associated Factors among Postpartum Women at Selected Governmental Hospitals in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia , 2019.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-12) Mohammed, Seid; Abebe Mesfin(Prof); Fantahun Addishiwot(MSN)
    Background: Maternal mortality is the issue of developing countries, especially sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. This is known due to poor quality of maternal health care services. So, family planning especially the practice of PPIUCD can challenge unintended pregnancy and maternal related complication. Up to 40% of these problems are estimated to be preventable by accessing postpartum family planning service. However, use of IUCD in general is 2% in Ethiopia.Due to this reason many women are exposed to unintended pregnancy and maternalrelated complications. Objective: Assessing Knowledge, Attitude and practice of Postpartum Intra uterine contraceptive device and Associated Factors among Postpartum Women Selected at Government Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: Facility based cross sectional study was carried out on 286 postpartum women in selected government hospitals of Addis Ababa from August-September 30, 2019. Ethical clearance letter was obtained from AAU, School of Nursing and Midwifery and Addis Ababa heath bureau IRB office. Study participants were selected by simple random sampling based on their proportional distribution of sample size to each hospital. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was coded and entered into Epi data version 4.2 and the analysis was carried out by using SPSS version 20.Bivariate and multivariate analysis with 95 % CI was employed. Variables found to have a P-value<0.2 in the binary logistic regression were entered into multivariate analysis and association was declared at P value<0.05 Results: out of two hundred eighty-six respondents one hundred thirty-eight (48.3%),one hundred eighty-two (63.6%) and seventy-six (26.6%) postpartum women were knowledgeable, had favorable attitudes and practice about PPIUCD respectively. Postpartum women who had college and above educational background were more likely to have favorable attitude and knowledge of PPIUCD with AOR= 2.302[1.141-4.64] and AOR=22.99[4.465-118.411] respectively. Moreover, experience of discussion with partner about Fp, level of know ledgeand PPIUCD counseling in pregnancy were some of the factors associated with PPIUCD. Conclusion and Recommendations: Thisstudy provided that postpartum women were relatively favorable attitude but their knowledgeand practice on PPIUCD is low.This calls for a strong and continued effort from the health care providers and other stakeholders to increase postpartum women’s knowledge and practice of PPIUCD service through education, increase service accessibility, and counseling for PPIUCD during ANC.
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    Determinants of Utilization of CHAs in Rural Communities
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 1989-05) Mohammed, Seid; Aboud, Frances (PhD)
    A study of the determinants of uti li zation of community health agents among rural c omm unities was conducted in the di stri ct (Awraj a) of Buno-Bede 11 e, south western part of Ethiopia. The main objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of utilization of CHAs and to see the relation between utilization of CHAs and knowledge, attitude and participation of the community. There were a total of 311 CHAs trained in the Awraja, up to May 1988. Only 221 were found during a survey conducted in May 1988. 80 PAs were randomly selected from those where a CHA had been found regard 1 ess of functionality. A structured questionnaire was administered to a systematic sampling of 2400 heads of households. It was found that 83.6% of the study popu 1 at i on used at least one service of the CHA i n the past year. The most used services were preventive and promotive activities, particularly , health education and home visits (59.7% and 58.0% respecti ' ely). The least used services were treatment activities, death and birth registration. Utilizers of CHA services had better access to safe water supply and sanitary facilities. People who are members of PPCAs, literate, have knowledge about CHAs and their serv ices, have a positive attitude towards CHAs and their se rvices, and participated in the selection of their CHAs and related matters are more likely to be utilizers of CHAs. It was also found that a positive attitude towards CHAs and their services was the best predictor of utilization of CHAs. v
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    Determinants of Utilization of CHAs in Rural Communities.
    (Addis Ababa University, 1989-05) Mohammed, Seid; E. Aboud, Frances (PhD)
    A study of the determinants of utilization of community health agents among rural communities was conducted in the district (Awraja) of Buno-Bedelle, south western part of Ethiopia.The main objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of utilization of CHAs and to see the relation between utilization of CHAs and knowledge , attitude and participation of the community. There were a total of 311 CHAs trained in the Awraja, up to May 1988. Only 221 were found during a survey conducted in May 1988. 80 PAs were randomly selected from those where a CHA had been found regardless of functionality. A structured questionnaire was administered to a systematic sampling of 2400 heads of households. It was found that 83.6% of the study population used at least one service of the CHA in the past year.The most used services were preventive and promotive activities, particularly, health education and home visits (59.7% and 58.0% respectively).The least used services were treatment activities, death and birth registration. Utilizers of CHA services had better access to safe water supply and sanitary facilities. People who are members of PPCAs, literate, have knowledge about CHAs and their services, have a positive attitude towards CHAs and their services, and participated ln the selectionof their CHAs and related matters are more likely to be utilizers of CHAs. It was also found that a positive attitude towards CHAs and their services was the best predictor of utilization of CHAs.
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    Impacts of Trade Liberalization on Growth and Poverty in Ethiopia: A Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-07) Mohammed, Seid; Estiphanos, Girma (PhD)
    This paper presents a dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model for Ethiopia's trade liberalization that allows for quantification of income and welfare effects stemming from tariff reduction. This dynamic model has been built using a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of 1999/2000 for Ethiopia. The model is simulated for alternative policies scenarios depicting full and indiscriminating liberalization, full and discriminating liberalization, gradual and rationalized liberalization and instantaneous tariff liberalization. The main findings of these scenarios are a decline in poverty among all households in the long run. In the short run, poverty remains significantly unaffected for most of the simulations' Scenarios. The simulations' results show that static version of the model underestimates trade liberalization's impacts on production, and welfare, since it excludes the accumulation effects. However, from the alternative simulations' scenarios, instantaneous type of liberalization seems performing well in its capacity to increase real GDP, welfare, real output, and real export in the long run. This liberalization also recorded substantial decline in poverty level in the long run. Key words: Dynamic CGE Model, Trade Liberalization, Poverty, Growth, Ethiopia
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    Lattice Geometry GAP formation and Scale-Invariance
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Mohammed, Seid; Yirgou, Tatak
    In this work, we analyze the gap dynamics of forest in connection with lattice geometry. we also analyze the establishment (birth), growth and mortality (death) of individual trees of Barro Colorado Island (BCI) forest using two slightly different forest disturbance models on three lattices, each with square, triangular, and hexagonal geometry in order to study the effect of geometry. Local nature of ecological interaction can generate complex behaviors such as criticality (scale-invariance). we fit the global and local densities and cluster size distribution from the spatial map of the forest (1983-1984). we also found an effect of geometry on the conditions under which criticality appears in model forests. The scaling exponent of the gap-size distributions, however, was found to be independent of model and geometry
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    Making A K4-Free Graph Bipartite
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-02-17) Mohammed, Seid; Belaineh, Zelealem(PhD)
    This paper presents every K4-free graph G with n vertices can be made bipartite by deleting at most n2 9 edges. Moreover, the only extremal graph which requires deletion of that many edges is a complete 3-partite graph with parts of size n=3
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    Regular and Supportive English Classes: A Study of Relationship
    (2006) Mohammed, Seid; Simon, Gebremedhin (PhD)
    Supportive English classes are believed to enable students to improve their English ability and academic performance. Hence, in this study an attempt is made to find out the kind of relationship between regular and supportive English classes. Three research questions were raised: What sorts of relationship are there between regular and supportive English classes? What are the attitudes of English teachers and students toward supportive English classes? And how is supportive English class conducted? The study involved twenty three English teachers and one hundred grade ten supportive English classes students selected from four sec ondary sc ho ols in North Shoa.- The major in struments in thi s study were questionnaire, interview , and c la ssroom observation. The questionnaires were admin istered for both English teachers a nd students. The questionnaires contained 26 items for teachers, and 20 items for students . To consolidate the inform ation obtained from the questionnaire, unstructured interview was conducted with four English teach ers and classroom observation was used. The study showed that support ive Engli s h c la sses are some w ha t related to the regular Engl ish c lasses in some aspects. For in s tance, it indicated that as supportive Engli sh classes enhance the regular class and help s tudents improve their English abi lity, there is a positive relationship between them . Moreover, the re s ults of the study revea led that Engli sh teachers themselves are conducting the supportive English c lasses . Moreover, students do not get suppoli from their peers in the supportive English classes. The study also showed that most of the sampled English teachers and student s seemed to hold positive attitudes towards supportive English class program. Hence, the researc her recommends among ot hers the need to understand the mall1 goal of conducting supportive English classes by English teachers as we ll as students is essential
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    A Stuy on Urban Agriculture Challenges and Opportunities:-A Case Study on Poultry Farming In Woreda 07 And15: Kolfe-Keranyo Sub-City, Addis Ababa.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Mohammed, Seid; Assen, Mohammed (Dr)
    This research paper is a study on urban agriculture challenges and opportunities with particular emphasis on urban poultry farming in two selected Woredas of Addis Ababa. The general objective of the study is to identify some of the major problems and constraints faced by the urban poultry farmers, and investigate and explain the character and role of urban agriculture with emphasis to urban poultry farming. It also tries to see the types of assistance needed and suggests possible solutions to the problems. The analysis of the study utilized both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected through a questionnaire survey that covered 114 small-scale poultry farming households with more than 2,484 breeds reared in two 'weredas', of Addis Ababa. The 'weredas' are located in the northern and western peripheral parts of the city. The secondary data were collected from different libraries, document centers, organizations and offices. The study discusses the role of urban agriculture in connection with nutrition and food security, income generation and employment. An assessment was also made on the problems of urban agriculture. An attempt was made to investigate the characteristics of urban poultry farming households‟ profile. Accordingly, people are dominated in the sectors both the middle age groups with the secondary level of education (35.3%) and an average household sizes (47.05%). As the findings of the study reveal, the need to feed family as the major factor that motivated poultry farmers to start the activity with the initial capital less than 5,000 birr which accounts (38%). Most of the poultry farmers initially purchased the breeds by using their own money from private hatchery center to start operation (50%) and the majority (70.6%) of the poultry farmers used agricultural extension services to improve their poultry production. Nearly 29.6% of the farmers have never been supported by extension agents in their activity. The flock type in both locations is composed of (23.5 %) local, (5.9%) hybrid and (70.6%) exotic breeds. The producers mainly conduct the poultry farming activity using family labor in smaller land area, including around the living accommodation. Poultry health care is one management aspects in the study areas. Evidence from the findings of this study indicated that the farmers (70.6%) used modern medicine to cure their chicken against diseases like:-Newcastle, fowl typhoid, and fowl box. On the contrary, the other famers used traditional medicine practice such as lemon, paper, mitmita, senafech and tetra cycle. Poultry feeding system is practiced in both locations and about (82.4%) depending on purchased feed Menno. The major feed sources include: - grains, Menno, Food left over, green plants. The major problems in managing the poultry farms include shortage and high cost of chicken feed, diseases, and low production potential of indigenous chicken, lack of adequate space for rearing, lack of labor, credit and extension services. Most of the producers have fear of eviction and do not know government's attitude towards urban poultry farming and its recognition, and most of them have never received assistance from the government. Finally, Evidence from the findings of this study indicated that the most ranked source of expense of egg production is poultry feed followed by utilities and health care. Similarly, the most ranked factor that affects the productivity and profitability of the poultry farms is choice of breeds followed by feed resources and improved feed system and health care. Most of the producers do not keep records every day, of eggs output from each chicken. Most of the eggs is allocated for sale and the sale of the eggs is the most frequent and regular source of cash income for the producers. The majority of the farmers sold eggs to directly the Kio sky shop and Hotel followed by supermarket and consumers. Proximity, price and reliability were considered in the selection of market outlets. Eggs prices are found to be slightly higher in the inner city compared to the periphery and prices are determined mainly by the producers