Browsing by Author "Mohammed, Endris"

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    Application of Laser Trapping to Study the Chemo Treated 4t1 Breast Cancer Cells and the Elasticity of Human Red Blood Cells in Sickle Cell Anemia and Sickle Cell Trait.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-01-01) Mohammed, Endris
    The study presents a new method that uses laser trapping (LT) technique for measurement of radiation sensitivity of untreated and chemo-treated cancer cells. A human mammary tumor cell line (4T1) treated by herbal extract from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) were studied. We used an anti-tumor compound, 2-Dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2, 5-diene-1,4-dione (DMDD), which was extracted from the root of AverrhoacarambolaL. A control group of 4T1 breast cancer cells and a two hour and a twenty four hour treated (by DMDD compound) groups of 4T1 cells were used in this study. A high power infrared laser at 1064nm is used to trap single and multiple 4T1 cells from the control and treated groups. The absorbed threshold ionization energy (TIE) and threshold radiation dose (TID) were determined and analyzed using descriptive and t-statistics. The relation of the TIE and TRD to the mass of the individual cells were also analyzed for different hours of treatment in comparison with the control group. The results showed both TIE (81.28mJ, 48.82mJ, and 23.76mJ) and TRD (32.62J/μg, 22.42Jμg, and 9.35μg) decrease with increasing treatment period. On the other hand, as the mass increases the TIE increases but the TRD decreases regardless of treatment by DMDD. Analyses of the TIE and TRD for single vs multiple cells ionizations within each group has also consistently showed this same behavior for both TIE and TRD regardless of the treatment. The underlying factors for these observed relations are explained in terms radio and hypothermia effects resulting from the laser trap and chemo effects resulting from the treatment by the DMDD. The charges developed on untreated, 2-h and 24-h treated cancer cell were 3.28x10-17c, 4.31x10-17c, and 4.93x10-17c. The period of ionization, charge, and charge per unit mass increase as the time of DMDD treatment increase. When the cell ejected from the trap the charge decreases as it is away from the trap. The elastic property of sickle and sickle cell trait cell were analyzed for 49 red blood cell (RBC) samples from each HbAS and HbSS groups. Laser trapping technique with computer controlled piezo-driven stage (PS) was used to trap and stretch both HbAS and HbSS red blood cells. Laser trapping force was formulated in a cylindrical model. Using this trapping force relative percent difference, stiffness and the ratio of maximum (longitudinal) and minimum (transverse) radius was taken to study the elasticity. The result shows that HbAS have higher elastic property than the HbSS red blood cell samples.
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    An Assessment of Service Delivery Practices in Angolelaena Tera Woreda Educational Office of North Showa Zone, Amhara Region
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Mohammed, Endris; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    Ethiopian government has implemented Education for All to improve the human capacity status of the citizen in order to have skilled man power. One of the area to produce skilled manpower is primary, secondary and preparatory Schools under the coordination and supervising of Woreda Education Office. The main focus of the study was to undertake how service delivery Practices implement in Angolelaena Tera Woreda Educational Office for their internal customers. As to the research methodology, descriptive method was used. Purposive based on geographical location to select sample school. Five (5) primary schools, two (2) secondary schools and one (1) preparatory school were purposively selected from the Woreda. From these schools a total of 130 teachers were randomly chosen. Purposive sampling was utilized to select Woreda Office Administrators. Observations and interview were applied to obtain first-hand information. Furthermore, the data were collected through closed and open ended questionnaires, interviews and document review. Thus, questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive methods which mainly focused on data presentation and analysis using frequencies and percentiles. To this end, the major findings were the service delivery which is given in Woreda Educational Office for their internal customer has some shortage like doing things based on standard, with written and transparency information for all teachers which are working indifferent schools. Speeding up the service delivery on education standards, transparently, free communication, human capacity building for teachers and administrative bodies the major recommendations put forwarded
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    Manuscripts Of Oromo History Recounted By ŠayḪ Abū-Baker ‘OṮmᾹn: Text Edition, Analysis And Annotated Translation
    (AAU, 2020-05) Aman, Nuraddin; Mohammed, Endris
    Ethiopia has a rich corpus of different ancient manuscripts produced by foreign and native scholars of the country. Some of these important heritages of the country have not properly explored. Taking into consideration the discovery of the indigenous manuscript, this research presents two historical manuscripts i.e. Kitāb Irsāl Aş-Ṣawārīḫ Ilā Samā’ At-Tawārīḫ fi kašfi’ an Tārīḫ Oromo, “A book of sending the missiles to the sky of the exalted history in revealing the history of the Oromo”, and Bayān Silsilat Nasab Al-Gāllā, “Explaining the [Oromo] genealogy” produced by an Oromo Muslim intellectual from Hararghe named Šayḫ Abū-baker „Oṯmān or also known as Šayḫ Bakri Saphalo. Accordingly, the study first of all attempts to make a text edition, analysis and annotated translation of the manuscripts of the Oromo history authored by this Šayḫ. Secondly, the study deals in describing the literary production, codicology, text and contexts of the Oromo history manuscripts composed by Šayḫ Abūbaker from the philological viewpoint. Thirdly, by employing a textual analysis procedure this study attempts in on identifying, enumerating and analyzing the episodes of particular messages and message characteristics that embedded in the texts from different perspectives. Additionally, the study explores the biographical and intellectual legacy of the author of the manuscripts under the study. To do so, the text is translated from the original Arabic language into English. Besides, to provide invaluable data both primary and secondary data are employed with deep analysis from various aspects. Finally, as a work of philology, a descriptive method was employed and the whole text was reproduced and described.
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    Prevalence and Determinants of Acceptance of HIV testing among Pregnant Mothers at Antenatal care Settings of Selected Health centers in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2007-07) Mohammed, Endris; Enquselassie, Fikre(PhD)
    Back ground: Globally, an estimated 2.3 million children are living with HIV/AIDS, and 2.1 million of these children are in sub-Saharan Africa at the end of 2005. At the end of 2005, 700,000 new infection and 570,000 new deaths occur in children < 15 years of age. MTCT accounts for more than 90% of HIV in children. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) is a commonly used term for programs and interventions designed to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT). HIV testing and counselling services need to be made available to all women of childbearing age because PMTCT interventions depend upon a woman knowing her HIV status. Objective: To assess prevalence and determinants of acceptance of HIV testing among pregnant mothers at antenatal care settings of selected health centers in Addis Ababa. Methods: Institution based quantitative case-control study was conducted in selected 10 health centers in Addis Ababa on 88 cases and 176 controls using a pre tested structured questionnaire and records were reviewed to determine the prevalence of acceptance of HIV test in the selected health centers in the month prior to the study period. In addition focus group discussions were conducted with the clients using semi structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 264 mothers were interviewed. Among the socio demographic variables, acceptance of HIV test was higher among those with secondary and tertiary education level. Acceptance of HIV test was higher in those pregnant mothers with prior HIV test, more pregnancies, who did not want to consult their husband before HIV test, who did not consider them selves to be at risk of HIV, and who perceive that HIV test is beneficial. It was also higher in those mothers who correctly identify modes of HIV transmission and in those who identify ARVs as a way to prevent MTCT. Otherwise stigmatizing attitudes towards PLWHA were not found to be associated with acceptance of HIV test. Adjusting for socio demographic, Knowledge on HIV, MTCT and PMTCT and reproductive health factors, acceptance of HIV test was found to significantly associated with Knowledge of ARVs(OR=1.953, 95% CI=1.2-3.739), Perceived benefit of HIV test(OR=7.085, 95% CI=2.218-22.62), getting Husbands consent before the test(OR=0.458, 95%CI=0.23-0.916), and number of pregnancies(OR=0.319, 95%CI=0.104-0.98).The prevalence of HIV test among pregnant mothers was >80% and the prevalence of HIV was 7% in the selected health centers. v Conclusion: Previous HIV test, knowledge of ARVs and husband’s consent were found to be important factors of acceptance of HIV test. The study gives useful information to health care providers to introduce measures that could improve the utilization of antenatal HIV testing.
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    Pulsar Alignment due to Radiation Reaction Torque
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-07) Mohammed, Endris; Wetro, Legesse (PhD)
    We calculate the time of alignment of the magnetic dipole moment with the axis of rotation. For alignment we take into acount the electromagnetic torque acting on the magnetic dipole moment, the frictional torque between the crust and the core and gravitational effects. The anomalous electromagnetic torque, usually neglected in the a rigid star model, here plays a crucial role for the alignment of the magnetic dipole
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    Sheikh Seid Muhammed Sadiq(1889-1969Philological, Historical and Patriotic Legacies
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-07) Mohammed, Endris; Mazengia, Shimelis (PhD)
    The main aim of the thes is is to bring to light the manuscripts of Sheikh Seid Muhammed Sadiq ( 1889-1969 E.C. or 1897- 1977). Moreover, the study seeks to ponray the cont ributions of Sheikh Seid towards documenting Ethiopi an hi story and deve loping Ethiopian patriotic consciousness as well as strengthening the Ethiopian unity. The study attempts to identify and classify the legacies of Sheikh Seid . His manu scripts, written in Amharic and Arabi c, are examined and analyzed. By so doing, the study provides a share of impetus for enriching the limi ted documentary evidence about the contribu tions of the Ethiopian Muslim clerica l scholars. The research endeavors to show the role of Sheikh Seid as an agent of patriotism and unity among the Ethiopian people. Further more, the study makes an eff O it to point out the contribution of Sheikh Surveilling some gaps in the political , social and cultural hi story of the country.
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    Teachers , Motivation and Job Satisfaction in Secondary Schools of Assosa Zone, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-09) Mohammed, Endris
    Motivation is one of the most important tools of human resource management. Organizations design motivation systems to encourage employees to perform in the most effective way but also to attract potential candidates. The key to create the efficient motivation system is an answer to the question what really motivate employees. The main objective of this study is to assess the teachers work motivation and job satisfaction to identify the variables which are the most predictor of teachers’ work motivation and satisfaction in secondary schools of Assosa Zone. To accomplish this purpose, the study employed a descriptive survey research design. The study was carried out in randomly selected nine secondary schools of Assosa Zone. A total of 166 individuals participated in the study. Among them, 149 teachers were included as samples through random sampling technique. Additionally, 9 secondary school principals, 4 cluster supervisors and 4 Woreda education office coordinators were included through available sampling technique. Questionnaire and interview were the main instruments of data collection. The analysis of the quantitative data was carried out by using mean and standard deviations. The findings revealed that the school practices on the independent variables that influence teachers’ work motivation and job satisfaction are insufficient as most of the practices on independent variables scored below two, when it serves as the average of the likert scales. As a result teachers are not encouraged to disseminate their knowledge to students through effective teaching-learning method, to achieve schools objective as well as to stay in the profession. Due to this teachers are not successful to improve the students’ academic achievement as well as school goals. In general, the findings revealed that, secondary schools in Assosa Zone had not worked effectively on improving the motivation level of teachers and their job satisfaction which forced teachers to leave the profession. Based on the findings, it is recommended that secondary schools, Woreda and Zone education offices need to give necessary rewards, recognition, empower teachers , professional development, strength staff relationship and furnishing the working conditions with refreshment facilities.