Browsing by Author "Mohammed, Ahmed"

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    Commercial Energy Consumption and Economic Development a Look in to Ethiopia's Energy Problem
    (Addis Ababa University, 1992-06) Mohammed, Ahmed; Gurum, Shiferaw (PhD)
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    Impact of Economic Globalization on Human Development in Sub-Saharan African: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Mohammed, Ahmed; Mulat, Teshome (Prof)
    Participation in the existed global economic integration is an inevitable process because it brings additional positive force for the acceleration of economic growth, and ensuring sustainable development, particularly for resource-scarce developing countries like Sub- Saharan Africa., But there will be a need to regulate the level and value of the integration to maximize the benefits and reduce the costs associated with it. The debate about economic development has taken on a new turn since recent years and start thinking beyond per capita gross national product as the measure of a country’s development performance, instead the human development index challenged purely economic measures of national achievement and helped lay the conceptual foundation for the UN's MDGs, calling for consistent global tracking of progress in health, education and overall living standards. To this effect, using a panel data on 39 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1990 to 2009, this study explores the potential contribution of economic globalization for the achievement of human development in SSA. The study uses HDI as a dependent variable and the inflow of investment, GDP Per Capita and trade openness as independent variables. To test the sensitivity of the results, I employ the dynamic panel data method based on System GMM to verify findings. The estimation result suggests that both greater GDP Per Capita and the inflow of foreign investment are positively and significantly contribute to the growth of human development index and then to the progress of those human development components of MDGs. But, the study also confirms outward trade policy has no a direct impact in country’s effort to improve the welfare development of their nation in the region. Moreover, the study recommends SSA countries should focus on domestic and foreign investment policies that encourage job creation, skill and technology transfers, strengthen the quality and accessibility of both health and education sectors
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    The Impact of Mass Chemotherapy on the Status of Intestinal Schistosomiais Among Schoolchildren in Kemissie, North East Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-08-05) Mohammed, Ahmed; Lakew, Mekuria (PhD)
    Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni is a major public health concern in the tropics and yet is a neglected disease. Globally, more than 207 million people are infected Today 120 million people are symptomatic for Schistosomiasis In Ethiopia, the condition is worsened due to very low latrine coverage and overall poor personal and environmental hygiene.This study, therefore, aimed to assess the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection and associated risk factors in children of less than 15 year of age in Kemissie Town. A cross sectional school based study was carried out on sample of 300 students. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio demographic characteristics, water contact habit and toilet utilization. Fecal samples were collected and processed using the direct-smear method. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used for data analysis. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni in the schoolchildren was 8 % (95% confidence interval (CI):1.96). Higher prevalence was detected in male children (8.5%) than in females (7.5%) . Sex, swimming habit & previous treatment for the parasite were significantly associated with the risk of Schistosomiasis (p-value ˂0.05). Specifically, Male sex is 3 times at increased risk of having Schistosomiasis than females (AOR: 3.255, 95% CI: 0.555-0.987, p: 000). Study subjects with frequently swimming habit were found to be 4 times at risk of Schistosomiasis than those have no swimming habit regularly or not at all (AOR: 4.487 95% CI: 0.278-0.854, p: 0.022). Study participants who have previous treatment history for Schistosomiasis were have 2 times at risk of developing Schistosomiasis than their counter parts(AOR: 2.760, 95% CI: 1.014-5.731, p: 0.031). The result showed that school age children are the vulnerable segment of the population. Therefore, prompt intervention strategies should be designed and implemented including provision of adequate safe water supply and health education on personal as well as environmental hygiene.
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    Violence Against Women and Girls in the Pastoralist Communities of Oromia and Afar Regions: The Case of Fentalle and Mille Districts
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-05) Mohammed, Ahmed; Terefe, Hirut (PhD)
    Violence against women and girls is a pervasive phenomenon in the pastoralist communities of the research sites. Violence against women and girls is considered as a normal way of life among the communities in the research areas. Women and girls in Fentalle and Mille are daily suffering from various violence acts against them. Research methodologies used by the researcher are both the qualitative and the quantitative methodologies, where as the research methods employed are: focus group discussion, key informant interview, case studies, participant observation and survey. In focus group discussion 120 women, men, girls and boys were participated. Again in-depth interview was carried out totally with 24 women, men, boys and girls. For the survey method, 200 women and girls, men and boys with different social backgrounds were randomly selected from the sample population. The cases of 12 victim women were also included in this research. The findings of this research identified 6 areas of violence against women and girls such as violence committed in 4 customary marriages, FGM, wives and girls battery. The research findings indicated that women and girls are forced to marry against their interests. Their consent is not asked and if they are found to refuse the marriage they are physically, socially, psychologically and economically sanctioned. Female genital mutilation is another form of violence committed against women and girls in the research sites. All types of FGM such as clitoridectomy and infibulations are practiced on women and girls in the research areas. Girls who are not mutilated are considered by the communities as supper sexy who cannot be afforded by their husbands; as those who violated the norms of their communities, and as a result no body marries them. Especially girls and woman in Afar communities are highly suffering from infibulations. Regarding wives and girls battery, the findings indicated that girls are usually beaten by their fathers, mothers, their brothers and even by their relatives, with the intention to make them submissive for their future husbands. Women are also usually beaten by their husbands in the name of punishment and correction. Families in the research areas give mandates for the husbands to beat their wives and as a result wife beating is official among the communities