Browsing by Author "Mitiku Mequanint"

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    Bacterial Profiles and Drug Resistance Patterns of Bacteria Recovered from Blood Samples of Hospital Admitted Patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-06) Tamere Eleni; Bitew Adane; Mitiku Mequanint
    Background: One of the leading causes of illness and mortality worldwide, bloodstreaminfections are frequently acquired in hospitals. As a result of the circulatory system's rapid spreadof microorganisms and their toxins, it is a serious, perhaps fatal illness that gets worse with time. Objective: To determine bacterial isolates and drug resistance patterns of bacteria recoveredfrom blood samples of hospital-admitted patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, AddisAbaba, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2021 and December 2022among hospitalized patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia,who were suspected of having septicemia. To isolate the bacteria, blood samples were taken.Bacterial culture was conducted following standard microbiological procedures. Agar diffusionwas used to isolate bacteria, and the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique was used to determinedrug susceptibility patterns on Muller Hinton agar. Data input and processing were conducted using version 26 of the Statistical Package for Social Science. Results: The study included 218 paired samples in total, and 66 (30.3%) of the blood samplescontained positive bacterial growth. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates werefound in 62.2% and 37.8%, respectively, of positive blood culture findings. Staphylococcusaureus (34.8%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (15.2%) were the two most commonlyencountered gram-positive bacteria. Among gram-negative bacteria, the majority were Escherichia coli (15.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.6%). E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniaewere resistant to most antibiotics, whereas Staphylococcus aureus was identified as beingresponsive to oxacillin (78.1%) and resistant to penicillin (73.9%). Conclusion and Recommendation: This study identified a higher number of positive bacterial growths and resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin found for most bacteria. Therefore, thereis a need to perform blood cultures and sensitivity tests before empirical treatment and alsoimplementation of infection prevention should be strengthened.
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    Multi-Drug Resistant Bacterial Isolates Among Septicemia Suspected Under Five Children In Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2018-07) Mitiku Mequanint; Desta Kassu
    Background: Bloodstream infections due to bacterial pathogens are a major cause of morbidityand mortality among pediatric patients. Emergence of drug resistance in high classes ofantibiotics among the bacterial pathogens is another issue of the public health concern. Objective: To determine Multi-Drug Resistant Bacterial Isolates among Septicemia Suspectedunder Five Children in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to June 2018 amongpediatric patients with febrile illness aged under five in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital.Three hundred forty blood samples were collected and processed following standardmicrobiological techniques and culture was performed using BacT/Alert machine in combinationwith conventional method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed byKirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and MIC technique Result: A total of 137(40.2%) bacterial pathogens were isolated from 340 pediatric patientssuspected of BSI with febrile illness. Of these isolates, about 46% of them were Gram positiveand 54% were Gram negative bacteria. Of the isolates 43 (31.4%) Klebsiella pneumoniae,29(21.2%) S. aureus, 15(10.9%) CoNS and 12 (8.7%) Acinitobactor species were the mostfrequently isolated pathogens. The overall prevalence of MDR 51.1%, CRE 30.5% and ESBL25.4% were alarmingly high in bacterial isolates. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were 95.6%MDR, 23.7% ESBL, and 27.1% CRE dominated followed by Staphylococcus aureus 55.2%MRSA in children. Conclusion and Recommendation:In this study, Klebsiella pneumoniae and S. aureus are common pathogens associated with BSIin pediatrics with high antimicrobial resistance. High frequency of staphylococcus species andMRSA were a treat of children. Emergency of an intermediate vancomycin susceptibility of anisolate among MRSA calls an attention on treatment options. ESBL producing organisms werecommon in Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli isolates. Since most of isolates exhibitmultidrug resistant, routine in-vitro susceptibility of antimicrobials and update antibiogram fortreatment is essential.