Browsing by Author "Mesfin, Seyoum (PhD)"

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    The Accommodation of Ehnic Minorities in the Federal Ethiopia: The Case of Hadiya Nationality Zone
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-10) Mekoro, Tigabu; Mesfin, Seyoum (PhD)
    This Thesis focuses on the accommodation of ethnic minorities in the Federal Ethiopia: The case of Hadiya Nationality Zone. Based on the empirical evidences, the study specifically examines the effectiveness of theory and practice of local political and administrative institutions in the accommodation of the dispersedly settled intra-minorities rights to the political representation, appointment and language, and its approaches for managing inter-ethnic conflicts between Hadiya and Danta-Dubamo ethnic groups. There by evaluate whether the absence of political accommodation of dispersedly settled intra-minorities in the local political and administrative institutions, amplify the inter-ethnic tensions and conflicts. In order to achieve these objectives, the study employed an in-depth-interview, key-informants interview, Focus Group Discussion for obtaining primary data sources; and it has also utilized different secondary sources including books, Articles, international journals of published and unpublished sources. The study found out that, there is clear policy and institutional gaps in the accommodation of political needs of dispersedly settled intra-minorities in this local administrative unit. This approach has resulted in the exclusion and marginalization of some part of society from their needs of adequate political representation and its decision-making, appointment and use of language rights. For this, there are several underlining causes that ranging from social, economic, and political to identity issues after the adoption of the federalism. To this end, the inclusive political system through accommodation of power-sharing, cultural autonomy and an integrated approach (both traditional and modern conflict resolution institutions) have been utilized to manage the inter-ethnic tensions and conflicts between them. Nonetheless, the modern conflict resolution institutions are solution, which was predominantly formal in its form, to manage this inter-ethnic tensions and conflicts has been ineffective than the traditional conflict resolution (TCR). But the TCR alone, given the context of federal arrangement in the study area, could effectively resolve the conflict and the dynamics of issues at the interface between them. It is, therefore, a contention of this thesis that a good combination of the TCR and modern conflict resolution institutions could efficiently resolve the inter-ethnic tensions and conflicts between intra-Zonal majority and minorities ethnic-groups.
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    Federalism and Economic Empowerment; The Cass of Indigenous People in Gambella Regional State
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-05) Tutpal, Simon; Mesfin, Seyoum (PhD)
    This study has investigated factors affecting economic empowerment of indigenous people in Gambella regional state with the case study of three zones (Nuer, Anyua, and Majang Zone). The study was conducted through descriptive analysis survey design by using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Both primary and secondary data have been utilized. The technique of taking sample from the given population is purposive sampling drawing a sample of 180 people from the population of 307,096people. Data was analyzed using statistical figure such as tables, graphs, pie charts, and percentages, is employed. Finding revealed that economic empowerment of the local people is negatively affected by the factors of cultural of dependency in both urban and rural community and weak policies formulated implementation of the regional government. Study regarding Organizational Availability shows that Organizational Availability is not yet established in Gambella except micro and small enterprises. In general statements, Indigenous people are from respondents confirmed that economically poor with the reasons which are associated to the factors such as cultural influence, financial limitation, lack of awareness creation by the regional government, and some more explanatory variables which are shown in the above analysis. Moreover, weak policies formulation and their implementation, issue such as economic prioritization, and absent of micro enterprises agencies effective role in the region have been identified as the undermining factors in lessening the empowerment of the local people significantly. The study recommended that Regional Government need to create favorable environment that promotes innovation and entrepreneurial development, and formulation of correct policies which could solve public problems inclusively. Key wards: Economic empowerment, Indigenous people, Federalism, Gambella regional state.
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    Inter-ethnic Conflict Nationalities and Peoples Regional State: The Case of Hadiya and Halaba Ethnic Groups Badawacho Woreda
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Gebriel, Daniel; Mesfin, Seyoum (PhD)
    Inter ethnic conflict is one of the serious challenge in any multi ethnic federations like Ethiopia. Conflicts have a negative effect on socio-economic and political life of a community. Hence, the conflict between Hadiya-Halaba is a typical example. This study deals with the inter- ethnic conflict between Hadiya and Halaba ethnic groups that live together in Misrak Badawacho Woreda in Hadiya Zone in South Regional State. The main aim of this thesis is to examine the root causes, aggravating actors, effects of this conflict and conflict resolution mechanisms in the study area. For the purpose of this study the research methodology was designed the qualitative one. For the primary data the key informants were selected by using judgmental/purposive sampling technique. It enhanced best information to achieve the objective of this thesis. Through semi-structured guideline questions in-depth interviews, two Focus group discussions from each ethnic group and from field observation the primary data were collected. The secondary sources were also used from written documents, books, and internet sources. The study revealed that the root causes of this conflict are Halaba ethnic group who are living together with Hadiya in study area request demarcation to separate from Hadiya of Misrak Badawacho Woreda. Their main interest is to include into Halaba Special Woreda for exercises self-administration. Whereas Hadiya group strongly opposed against incorporating with Halaba special Woreda and to maintain their traditional territory integrity and claiming as their possession. The other one was the competition between the two groups on arable land for personal cultivation. In addition to these, isolation of Halaba from power sharing in administrative structures, the use of languages on service delivery and primary education and lack of sufficient public services are become causes for the recurrent conflict between the two ethnic groups in the study area. The involvement of internal and external actors aggravated the conflict. Human and material costs, breakdown of law and order in the area were some effects of this conflict. Regarding to conflict management by the effort of Regional and local governments used different modern conflict resolution mechanisms incorporating traditional resolution method the conflict was resolved through peace conference. Therefore, the study argues that inter ethnic tensions are prevalent in a new federal system that attributed to lack of skilled managing in lower level of government structures. However, the FDRE constitution guaranteed the rights of Nations, Nationalities and peoples. Besides, the FDRE government established all conflict managing institutions like HoF and MoFA. Moreover, Regional and local governments manage conflicts through joint or intergovernmental collaborative mechanisms. Therefore, the system of federalism offered a means to manage and transform conflict among the diverse ethnic groups and grant the self-rule. Finally, consider to this conflict the possible solutions underlined recommendation. Regional and local governments should provide better public services, training lower level of administrative structures about the federal setup, advancing good governance, implement the development strategies in the conflict area and others.
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    Minority Rights Protection in Oromia National Regional State: A Case Study of the Zay People
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-05) Balcha, Guta; Mesfin, Seyoum (PhD)
    This paper investigated the constitutional and practical protection of minorities, particularly the Zay in Oromia regional state protected in compliance with the FDRE constitution. For this purpose, secondary sources such as relevant legal literatures, books, laws, articles and journals were analyzed while structured and unstructured in-depth interviews with key informants, personal observation, and focus group discussions were the primary sources employed. In the FDRE Constitution ethnic groups which are territorially defined have become the bearers of sovereign power and entitled to the right to self-determination. Oromia is one of the nine states though none of the regions are homogenous as there are dispersed internal ethnic minorities which either belongs to the majority nation in other region or double minority groups (which are neither dominant at national level nor at regional level) which have got very little attention in the constitution of both levels. The Constitution of Oromia does not recognize the existence and the distinct identity of ethnic minority groups in this region though the 2007 population census indicates that there are almost all dispersed ethnic groups in this region. Numerically, each is below 1% except the Amhara people which constitute 7.2%. The Zay are sparsely populated in the region no have absolute defined territorial boundary. No guaranteed representation for Zay ethnic minority in this region at any administrative level. The territoriality principle left the Zay unrecognized as nation, nationality and people. However, the Zay have the right to non-territorial (personal) autonomy for representation, cultural and linguistic rights in the region.