Browsing by Author "Mengistu, Birhanu"

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    The Contributions of Watershed Management for Woody Plant Diversity and Other Ecosystem Services in Hidabu District North Shewa Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-10-12) Mengistu, Birhanu; Dalle, Gemedo (PhD)
    Watershed management practice has been taken as a main strategy to rehabilitate the degraded land, for biodiversity conservation and improving agricultural productivity of land in Ethiopia. However, its contribution to woody plant Species diversity and other ecosystem services rarely evaluated. This study aimed at assessing to the contribution of WSM for woody plant species diversity and other ecosystem services and to assess factors that affect the adoption of SWCPs in Hidabu Abote District, North Shewa, Oromia. The study was conducted based on comparative analysis between Sire-Morose (treated) and Yaya-Dakabora (untreated) micro-watersheds which are assumed to be in similar agroecology. A total of 40 sample quadrats of each 20m x 20m (400 m2), size that were laid systematically along transects lines were used for vegetation data collection. In addition 1m x 1m (1m2) sub plots were laid within the main quadrates to sample herbaceous plants. To document perception of local communities, a semi structured questionnaire was developed and data were collected from 123 respondents. To analyze data both descriptive and inferential statics were used. The results indicated that due to watershed management practices the availability of water, income per household from crop production by 28.4%, livestock productivity enhanced and employment opportunities increased in the study area. It also reduced runoff, soil loss, land degradations and improved biodiversity conservation. Comparative assessment result of the vegetation revealed that the overall mean species diversity, evenness and richness were higher in Sire-Morese than in Yaya- dakabora indicating the positive impact of watershed intervention on local biodiversity. In general, watershed management practices had positive biophysical, socio-economical, environmental and ecological impacts. Therefore, strengthening watershed management practices for woody plant species diversity and enhancing ecosystem services was recommended as a result of this study.
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    Magnitude and Associated Risk Factors of Post Operative Sore Throat Following Surgery by General Anesthesia with Endotracheal Intubation in Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2016-06) Mengistu, Birhanu; Akalu, Leulayehu (PhD)
    Background: A complaint of postoperative pharyngeal discomfort is so prevalent that it is almost expected by patients and anesthetist alike as an unavoidable part of routine anesthesia. Complaints range from a minor throat irritation to debilitating pain, inability to swallow and temporary voice changes, and are a frequent observation on the postoperative visit. There is no data regarding the magnitude of post-operative airway complications and their associated risk factors in Ethiopia. Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the magnitude and possible associated risk factors for postoperative sore throat following surgery by general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Methods and materials: Institutional based crossectional study design was conducted in Black Lion Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from February 1-30, 2016 in patients aged 18 years and above who underwent surgery under anesthesia with endotracheal intubation using structured questionnaire prepared on variables being measured. Bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression was used to measure association between dependent and independent variables. Pvalue 0.05 was used as cut off point. Results:Out of 114 patients who had elective surgery by anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, 52(45.6%) of the study participants complained of various forms of post-operative throat complaints. In this study it was found that size of ETT showed statistically significant association with the post-operative sore throat with p-value 0.001, (AOR- 0.214, 95% CI 0.090-0.512) and the duration of anesthesia/surgeryalso showed statistically significant association with POST with p-value 0.014, (AOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.029-0.676). Conclusion and recommendation:The findings of this study confirmed previous observations that the larger the ETT size, the higher the incidence of postoperative respiratory morbidities. Although tracheal intubation remains an absolute necessity for good airway protection for different surgical procedures, we recommendedto use the smaller ETT sizes (6.5, 7.0 mm ID) to minimize the pressure-induced trauma on the laryngeal and tracheal mucosae Key words: -Post operative sore throat, Endotracheal tube. surgery