Browsing by Author "Mekonnen, Wubegzier (PhD)"

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    Assessment of the magnitude of violence against women among female evening students working as domestic workers and its associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2017-11) Hailu, Yonas; Mekonnen, Wubegzier (PhD)
    Background: Violence free environment is the one that everyone cherishes, while millions of women worldwide suffer from violence against women. In most communities in Ethiopia, violence against women is very common and considered as a private matter though it has a serious consequences for girls and women. Its magnitude and impact is even worse at domestic set up especially on domestic workers, which is not studied well. Objective: The objective of the study is to measure the magnitude of violence against women among female evening students working as domestic worker and its associated factors in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Methods: A school based quantitative cross sectional study sequentially complimented with qualitative in-depth interview was used. A total of 545 randomly selected female evening students working as domestic worker and aged 15 years and above were interviewed in May 2017. Data were entered in Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Crude and adjusted odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval in binary logistic regression were used to ascertain association. Individual depth interview was done among 10 victims of violence. The audio information was transcribed and translated. The qualitative data were coded and categorized. Thematic content analysis was then employed. Result: About 58.8% of evening female students experienced violence in their working lifetime, of those 54.4% experienced it in the past 12 months. Besides, 53.6%, 33.6% and 29.6% of evening female students encountered emotional, physical and sexual violence respectively in their working life while it was 47.1%, 28.8% and 21.8% respectively in the past 12 months. Evening female students who signed monthly contract (AOR=4.23; 95% CI 1.38-12.96), working more than three years (AOR= 3.36; 95% CI:2.03-5.56) and employer (male partner) who drink alcohol (AOR=10.86; 95% CI: 5.6-21.3) were more likely to encounter violence compared with counterparts. Those with higher education level (AOR= 0.43; 95% CI :0.27-0.71), emoloyed by female employers with higher educational level(AOR=0.51; 95%CI: 0.31-0.83) were less likely to be violted. About 87.6% of domestic workers were silent despite of being violeted. In-Depth interview finding also demonstrated the maids lived experience of without dignity and with frequent violation of their basic human right. Conclusion and recommendation: the prevalence of violence against women among domestic worker was high. Educational status of employers and domestic workers, alcohol drinking practice of employers, work experience and type of work agreement by domestic worker were the associated factors of violence against evening female students. To overcome this violence the government should ratify the international labour organization convention C-189. Ministry of women, children and youth affairs must enforce the laws to be fully implemented. Educating the community and strengthening and integrating the school Gender club program is highly recommended.
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    Exploration of Barriers related to family planning use among pastoralist communities of Ethiopian Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia: Qualitative study.
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2017-12) Tiru, Gemu; Mekonnen, Wubegzier (PhD)
    Background: Rapid population growth is a threat to wellbeing in the poorest countries. In Ethiopia there was a dramatic increase in contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) from 8.2% to 36% in 2016. Although such encouraging results have been achieved, there are significant variations among the regions, with very low coverage in the pastoralist regions ranging from 1.5 percent in Somali region to 56 percent in Addis Ababa. No studies in Somali region have qualitatively explored for barriers accessing and utilizing family planning from the pastoralist community perspective. Objectives: The objective of this study was exploring barriers related to family planning use among pastoralist communities of Ethiopian Somali region. Methods: Qualitative inductive content analysis through purposive sampling with maximum variation mixed with snow ball were used to conduct four FGD among married women and their husbands, fifteen KII among programmers, service providers and community chiefs. On top this 6 facility observation were undertaken. Data analysis was done using Open code version 4.02. Results: Six major themes were emerged during the study:Religion prohibition, socio cultural factors, limited access to family planning services, gender roles and social pressure, myths and misconceptions related to family planning and provider negative attitude affected family planning service uptake. Conclusions: Poor women empowerment and limited male involvement, Religion prohibition, Cultural barriers such as clan leaders influence affected family planning service uptake. Women and girls remain largely marginalized in terms of development and full participation in the health program as a whole family planning in particular which contributes to low service uptake at the household and community levels due to underdevelopment, low literacy and prevailing socio-cultural perceptions. Recommendations: Massive community mobilization, women empowerement and male involvement through chiefs and religious leaders, Capacity building on family planning program, new service provision modality that will fit to mobile community is crucial to increase family planning service uptake.
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    Improving Data Quality and Information Use of Tuberculosis Program in Alert Hospital
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Sori, Abeba; Mekonnen, Wubegzier (PhD); Teferi, Dereje (PhD)
    Introduction: The development of comprehensive health and management information systems are increasingly becoming important for measuring and improving the quality and coverage of health services. Many developing countries including Ethiopia have made efforts to strengthen their national health information systems to provide information for decision-making in managing health care services. However, ensuring data quality is a critical factor in the delivery of medical care. Poor data quality can have far reaching social and economic consequences. Objective: To improve data quality, information use and develop standard database for tuberculosis HMIS in ALERT hospital. Methodology: This project employed quantitative methods to assess factors influencing the performance of HMIS in the department and qualitative methods to assess data quality and information use by using the adopted performance evaluation tool of the PRISM package. The tool used for data collection were in depth interview, self-administered questionnaire, and document review that were collected in the last two quarters (July 2006-December 2007 E.C). The study participants were health care professionals who were working in TB and MDR/TB department of ALERT hospital for the last two quarters, department heads, TB focal person, and HMIS focal persons of the hospital. The data collected was analyzed by using MS-Excel to identify issues such as level of data quality and information use through quantitative method. Open source software used to analyze qualitative data was used to identify the associated factors. Results: The finding of this assessment shows that there is data quality problem related to TB HMIS in ALERT hospital. There is also insufficient practice of data use for planning and decision making to improve the health interventions. The data quality issues are discussed with concerned bodies to avoid future data quality problems. A Microsoft Access database is also developed to avoid error commuted during recording and reporting which resulted in data quality problem. Conclusion: The recording and reporting of the TB program needs to obtain high attention from the HMIS unit and the management for future improvement. The computer based database should be implemented to support the TB focal person to properly record and report and so data quality is improved.
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    The Magnitudeof Induced Abortion and Associated Factors Among High School Teenage Girls Aged 15-19 Years in Addis Ababa City
    (2017-10) Wassie, Tadla; Mekonnen, Wubegzier (PhD)
    Background: - Abortion emanating from unintended pregnancy is one of the most significant causes of maternal morbidity and mortality; it is also a major medical and public health problem. However, there is paucity of information on high risk population groups in Ethiopia. Objectives: - To measure the magnitude of induced abortion and identify factors associated with it among female high school students aged 15 to 19 years in Addis Ababa. Methods: - A mixed methods cross sectional study design was employed. The quantitative method was conducted among 914 students. Multistage sampling technique with self administered questionnaire was used. Data were entered into Epi data and cleaned using frequency distribution and cross- tabulation. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14. The associations of the main independent variables with the practice of induced abortion were first cross tabulated and those found statistically significant with induced abortion were fitted into binary logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regressions were fitted to control confounding. The key informant interview was transcribed and translated. Open Code software was used to code and categorize and different ideas in the text were merged in their categories and content analysis was done. Results: - From the total 903 respondents 152 (16.8%) were sexually active and 129 (14.28%) of them experience pregnancy in their life time. Ninety-two percent of the pregnancy was unwanted and ended with induced abortion which was 119(13.17%). On the other hand, multivariate analysis visit to religious places, learning in government school, being a daughter of private employs, having a boy friend and seeing/reading pornography materials have showed significant association with induced abortion with AOR (95% CI) 3.55 (1.30-9.68), 7.3(3.71-14.37), 2.33 (1.06-5.15), 46.9 (19.0-116.17), 2.01 (1.01-3.98), respectively. According to the qualitative study the main reasons for the high prevalence of induced abortion were peer pressure, celebrating different festivals and birth days out side home, availability of chat, shisha and grocery houses around the school, poor family and child relationship, risky sexual behaviors low economic status, rape and birth place of students. Conclusion: - A considerable proportion of girls engage in sexual activity that leads to high prevalence of induced abortion. Having a boy friend, being a daughter of private employs, going into government school and seeing/reading pornography materials played a positive role for abortion while frequent visit to religious place had a negative role. Efforts should be made to engage parents, schools and religious institutions to curb the practice of induced abortion among high school teens
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    Predicting Infant Immunization Status in Ethiopian: The Case of Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Abebe, Hiwot; Meshesha, Million (PhD); Mekonnen, Wubegzier (PhD)
    Background: Immunization is one of the most cost effective and efficient interventions saving the lives of many millions of infants and children from dying of infectious and preventable diseases. In 2007, approximately 27 million infants are not vaccinated against common childhood diseases and 2–3 million children are dying annually from easily preventable diseases and many more fall ill. Objective: The research has a general objective of construct a predictive model using data mining technology that helps to predict the infants’ immunization status in Ethiopia. The result of the study is expected to be important for different parties such as infants, health professionals, policy makers, programmers and researchers. Methodology: This study is guided by a Hybrid-data mining model which is a six step knowledge discovery process model such as understanding of the problem, understanding of the data, preparation of the data, data mining, and evaluation of the discovered knowledge and use of the discovered knowledge. The study has used 8,210 instances, 12 predicting and one outcome variables to run the experiments. Due to the nature of the problem and attributes contained in the dataset, classification data mining task is selected to build the classifier models. The mining algorithms; J48 decision tree, sequence minimal optimization support vector machine, multilayer perceptron neural network and partial decision tree rule induction are used in all experiment due to their popularity in recent related works. Ten-fold cross validation technique is used to train and test the classifier models. Performance of the models is compared using accuracy, true positive rate, false positive rate, and the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve. Result: The J48 decision tree has given the best classification and a better predictive accuracy of the infant immunization status in Ethiopia. The experiment has generated a model with accuracy of 62.5%, weighted precision of 62.5% and weighted ROC area of 67.6% for the J48 decision tree. And if place of delivery = home region = Affar AND mother-education-level = no-education AND wealth-status = poor AND listening-to-radio = not-at-all AND mother-age = 25-29 AND parity = 6-7 then Unimmunised (10.0/1.0).Therefore, increase awareness creation among women in pastoralist communities so as to enhance vaccine coverage. Conclusion: The results achieved from this research indicate that data mining is useful in bringing relevant information from large and complex EDHS dataset, and we can this information for predicting infant immunization status and decision making. The most important attributes that determine infant immunization status were place of delivery, region, mother's educational level, listening to radio, father education level, residence, mother age, wealth status, parity, distance to health facility and marital status.
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    Predicting Maternal Health Care Seeking Pattern Using Data Mining Techniques in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2013-06) Ayele, Dawit; Mekonnen, Wubegzier (PhD)
    Background: Utilization of maternal health care services could save unnecessary severe complications and death among women during pregnancy, delivery and after delivery. Ethiopia is one of the countries with high maternal morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa which needs more public health care effort in the country. Objective: The general objective of the study was to construct a model that can predict the maternal health care seeking pattern of reproductive age in Ethiopia. Methodology: The study followed Hybrid methodology of Knowledge Discovery Process to achieve the goal of building predictive model using data mining techniques. Therefore, the overall research design was to build a model that can predict the maternal health care seeking pattern using J48 Decision tree and Naïve Bayes algorithms in Ethiopia from EDHS 2011 dataset. WEKA 3.6.8 data mining tools and techniques were employed as a means to address the research problem. Results: The result of the study showed that the J48 Decision tree algorithm outperforms Naïve Bayes on the three of the outcome variables. For antenatal care the model was selected with an accuracy of 74.78%. Then for the second outcome variable (delivery care) the model was selected with an accuracy of 91.23% and area under receiver operating characteristics of 0.89. Finally for postnatal care the model was selected with an accuracy of 87.5% and area under receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.80. The best attributes selected for each of the outcome variables are Place of Residence, Household Wealth Index, Women’s Educational level, Husbands Occupation, Region, Husbands Educational level, Total number of children, Media Exposure. Conclusion: In general, the results obtained from this study were interesting and encouraging; it can be used as decision support for healthcare practitioner. The finding shows that there is a regional difference in utilizing maternal health care service in the country, thus it is recommended that all the concerned parties should give due consideration for these regions, increasing maternal education at least up to primary level in all regions of the country, provision of opportunities for employment and poverty reduction especially in rural parts of the region.