Browsing by Author "Lendebo, Tesema"

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    Household Food Security Situation and Coping Strategies in Urban Setting: The Case Study From Hosaina Town, Snnpr.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06) Lendebo, Tesema; Mahiteme, Yirgalem (PhD)
    Rapid urbanization is possibly the most prevailing demographic process in most developing countries in recent decades, but some urban areas are not well prepared to satisfy the growing demands of the residents. With the current continuing urbanization, increasing urban poverty trends, and rapid rUIlup in prices of food, the question of urban food security could become one of the greatest challenge for many urban households, and the concern offood security are progressively shifting from rural to urban. A study was conducted in to investigate the main determinants and state of urban household food security, causes and impacts of food insecurity on the household's behavioural and socioeconomic aspects as well as their coping strategies. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were applied. By considering as the most appropriate approach to have a great understanding of realities regarding the research objectives through dialogue between the researcher and respondents; for soliciting knowledge, opinions, perceptions, experiences and views of participants to get the intricate details of phenomena, qualitative methods were applied as a dominant approach in the study. Quantitative method was also applied to show some numerical data. The triangulation of semistructured interview of sample households, in-depth interview with key informants, focus group discussions, observations, in-depth study of case households, published and unpublished materials were employed as sources of data. The entire data were analyzed based on the meanings, opinions, and life experiences of the people reside in Hosaina town. Generally, the study found that the state of food security for the majority of the sample households was get worse. This was verified mainly by the data collected regarding to the current state of diet of the households: food variety, number of meals per day and trends of food consumption over time had declined to a low level. Household composition, Sources of income, amount of income and market prices were identified as the major factors that determine urban household food security. Poverty, lack of productive assets, unemployment, high dependency on the casual jobs, rapid urbanization, alld increase ill prices of food and other commodities were distinguished asfactors contributingfor the occurrence or exacerbating household food insecurity. Emotional problems, hunger, productivity losses, inefficient income earning, poor performance and higher risk of chronic disease were explained by the households as some of the impacts of food insecurity. A number of coping strategies were employed to cope with food shortages. After all, the study recommended expanding income earning opportunities, addressing food prices, improving urban infrastructure and social services, promoting urban agriculture and the social capital, and rural development as strategies to enhance the accessibility of food for urban households. Key words: urban; household;food security; food insecurity; determinants; impacts; coping strategies
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    Urban Land Policy and Practice in Ethiopia: A Case Study of Formal Residential Land Supply Procedures and Practices from Hossana Town, Southern Ethiopia
    (Addis ababa university, 2021-05) Lendebo, Tesema; Lika (Phd), Tebarek
    This study examined the implementation of currently functioning urban land policy with particular attention to the practicality of the procedural activities of the supply serviced residential land in the case of Hossana town. In order to obtain insights about the actual realities on the ground, based on a case study approach, it focused on the status of legal framework guiding the implementation of urban land policy; policy and procedures related to serviced urban land supply; practicality of procedural activities of residential land supply; factors affecting the implementation of residential land supply procedures; and socioeconomic consequences of the failure of urban land policy implementing agency to supply serviced residential land. A case study strategy with mixed research approach methods was employed. Primary data was obtained through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and field observation. Secondary data involved reviewing official reports, policy documents, and other relevant literature. Data were analyzed using the thematic analysis approach which involved dada reduction, coding of the data, data display, and interpreting the data using words and statements descriptively; and presented using words, statements, tables, percentages, graphs, and charts. The findings show that urban land policy is not successfully implemented in terms of supplying residential land and associated basic infrastructure that can respond to demand for urban land through formally recognized modalities. Currently functioning legal framework guiding the supply of residential land is characterized by a deficiency of precondition for effective supply of serviced land via formal channels. These preconditions comprise making landholders central to the formulation as well the implementation of legal frameworks; exhaustively offering a feasible solution to the urban land supply problem, availability of contextualized, clear and up-date rules and regulations. The supply of serviced residential land cannot be properly implemented and achieved without the existence of the aforesaid necessities. The absence of urban land development and management agency at kebele level, inadequate coordination/integration/ between land policy implementing stakeholders, financial problems, lack of leadership commitment, the resistance of landholders, improper political interference are identified as factors adversely affecting the practicality of the supply of serviced residential land. The growth of land supply channels performing outside the formal legal framework, restrained revenue generation by the municipality, exclusion of people from investing in residential housing, limited xx income-generating opportunities of individuals, exclusion of people from accessing urban basic infrastructure, escalation of land price, intensification of land speculation and inequalities, intensification on difficulties of governance of the land sector, land-related disputes, and enabling a conducive condition for the rent-seeking web are investigated as the main consequences of the failure of urban land policy implementing agency to supply serviced urban land via formal channels. On the other hand, sufficient enforcement, establishing and strengthening urban land development and management agency at kebele (grassroots administrative level), eliminating inappropriate interference from land policy implementing agencies, motivating leadership commitment in the urban land sector, allocating realistically sufficient financial and other resources for the purpose of residential land supply, firming up the application of the demand-oriented approach to urban residential land supply, enabling the proper functionality of land banking system, facilitating residential land supply loans program, and strengthening coordination among urban land policy implementing stakeholders are suggested by the study for improving the status of the practicality of objectives of urban land policy in general and the procedural activities of supply of residential land with associated infrastructure through formal modalities in particular.