Browsing by Author "Lemma Ashenafi"

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    A Crossectional Study on Assessment of Chest Radiographic and Chest CT Patterns in Covid-19 PatientsiIn Tikur Anbessa Hospital
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021) Lemma Ashenafi; Alwan Amir
    Introduction: An outbreak of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) infection began in December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province (2). On 11 March 2020, the WHO officially characterized the global COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic (5). In Ethiopia, the first case of COVID-19 was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3). COVID-19 primarily affects the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to human transmission (5). Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the evaluation of patients suspected of COVID-19 infection (2). Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection of COVID-19 lung abnormalities when compared to chest CT which is shown to have reported CT sensitivity of 98% (7). Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact on the rates of normal baseline imaging. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the correlation between chest radiographic and chest CT patterns in patients with RT- PCR confirmed COVID-19 infection at Tikur Anbessa hospital. Method: A retrospective study on RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients who were seen at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital and had chest x-ray and chest CT. The chest x-ray and chest CT will be reviewed by experienced consultant radiologists and imaging data will be filled separately and images which had differences in the findings will be reviewed again with the consultant radiologists together. Results: This study included 62 COVID-19 patients seen at Tikur Anbessa hospital among which 32() were male aand 29() were female. Patient age ranged from 18 – 86 with mean age of 49 years. Majority of the patients 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) presented with fever. Most of the patients 39(62.9%) have history of known underlying illness. Among the 62 patients 50(80.6%) of the chest x rays and all the 62 CT images were abnormal. The predominant chest infiltrate was GOO seen in 22(44%) of chest x rays and 29(46.8%) of the chest CT images followed by combination of GGO and consolidation seen in 22(35.5%) chest x rays and 22(35.5%) of the chest CT images. Findings were bilateral in 44(88%) of chest x rays and 61(98.4%) of the chest CT images. Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and chest CT images accounting for 36(72%) of the chest X-rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT images. A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the chest x rays and 21(33.9%) of the chest CT images. The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for 37(74%) of the chest X-rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. Conclusion: The predominant chest radiological finding was multi focal ground glass opacity which is bilaterally and peripherally distributed in the lower and middle lungs on both chest X ray and chest CT followed by a combination of ground glass and consolidation.
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    Prospective Study of Variation of Entrance Surface Dose in Conventional and Digital Radiography in Pediatric Age Group
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-07) Lemma Ashenafi; Teferi Seife
    Background:Radiation exposure at the early stage of life usually results in a likelihood of two or three fold increase in lifetime risk for certain detrimental effects compared with that of adult. Radiation protection in pediatric radiology requires special attention because children are more sensitive to radiation and at higher risk than adults. The objective of this study is to assess variation of ESD in conventional and digital radiography in pediatrics age group of some hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method:Prospective cross sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling; data were collected,checked for clarity and completeness and entered into SPSS version 23 for analysis. The data were analyzed Result:statistically, and compared with the international reference dose values. Out of 620 study participants 309 (49.8%) were exposed to conventional radiograph while 311 (50.2)were exposed to digital radiograph. Calculation of ESD shows that mean ESD of conventional radiograph to be 1.13, while that of digital radiograph is 1.84. The third quartile of Conventional is 1.72 and that of digital radiography is 0.92. In age group 5-15 digital radiography ESD’s are greater than conventional ESD’s, while in those less than 5 years conventional radiography ESD’s are higher than that of digital ESD’s. In abdomen, extremities, pelvis and spine digital radiograph ESD’s are higher than conventiona lones but in CXR and skull those of conventional ones are higher than digital radiograph ESDs. Conclusion:According to this study, radiation dose (mean ESD) is relatively higher in conventional radiography in chest x ray and skull when compared to Digital Radiography whereas in abdomen, extrimities, pelvis and spine digital radiography mean ESDs are higher than conventional radiography mean ESDs