Browsing by Author "Kebede, Gashaw (PhD)"

Now showing 1 - 14 of 14
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    Application of Case Based Recommender System in Investment Sector and Investment Activity Selection to New Investors: in The Case of Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2013-06) Chanie, Yibeltal; Kebede, Gashaw (PhD)
    Investment is a commitment of funds, directly or indirectly, to one or more assets with the expectation to enhance future wealth. Each and every person can be specifically differentiated on various parameters in investment selection decision. Prior to purchasing any investment product or service, it is important that investors fully think about their unique needs and overall financial situation in order to determine whether the investment or service is right for them. However, investment advice in Ethiopia has different problems. Among these problems, there are no sufficient and knowledgeable experts to give advice to investors on investment sector and investment activity selection. And also there is no consistency in advising system from expert to expert. As a result, majority of investors drop out of the investment projects or are not successful. The aim of this research is to develop case based recommender system for investment sector and investment activity selection that assists investment experts and investors to make timely decisions. To develop case based recommender system for investment sector and investment activity selection, important knowledge was acquired through interview and document analysis. Twelve domain experts and four investors were interviewed to elicit the required knowledge about investment sector and investment activity. The acquired knowledge was modeled using hierarchical structure. The acquired knowledge was represented using feature value case base representation and implemented using jCOLIBRI programming tool. The main data source (case base) used to develop Case based recommender system for investment sector and investment activity selection (CBRISAIAS) is previous investor cases from EIA. Nearest neighbor retrieval algorithm is used to measure the similarity of new case (query) with cases in the case base. As a result, if there is a similarity between the new case and the existing case the system assigns the solution (recommended investment sector and investment activity) of previous case as a solution to new case. To determine the applicability of the prototype system in the domain area, the system has been evaluated by the domain experts and investors through visual interaction based on the criteria of easiness to use, time efficiency, applicability in the domain area and providing correct recommendation.According to the evaluation through user acceptance 82% system performance is obtained from domain experts and 84% system performance is obtained from investors. And also the performance of the prototype is measured using recall, precision and accuracy measures, where the system achieves 85% recall, 64% precision and 87% accuracy. Further study should be conducted that by adding other important attributes that have an influence in investment sector and investment activity selection. And also further study conducted by using hybrid system of rule based and case based recommender system to enhance the performance of the system, because the hybrid system eliminates the limitation of case based and rule based recommender system. Finally further research can be done by developing the case based recommender system using different local languages for the purpose of investors can easily communicate with the system by using their own languages.
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    Application of Data Mining Techniques for Customers Segmentation and Prediction: The Case of Buusaa Gonofa Microfinance Institution
    (Addis Ababa University, 2013-01) Reganie, Belachew; Kebede, Gashaw (PhD)
    Identifying customers which are more likely potential to a product and service offering is an important issue. In customers identification data mining has been used extensively to predict potential customers for a product and service. The final goal of this thesis is to build a model that helps to classify customers for Buusaa Gonofa microfinance institution product and service. Since there are no predefined classes, that describe the customers of the institution, the researcher uses clustering techniques that resulted in the appropriate number of clusters. Then, a predictive model was developed to predict potential customers. This predictive model achieved an accuracy of 99.95%. For modeling purpose, data was gathered from the institution head office. Since irrelevant features result in bad model performance, data preprocessing was performed in order to determine the inputs to the model. Thus, various data mining techniques and algorithms were used to implement each step of the modeling process and alleviate related difficulties. K-means was used as a clustering algorithm to segment customers‟ record into clusters with similar characters. Different parameters were used to run the clustering algorithm before reaching at segment that made business sense. J48 decision tree algorithm was used for classification purpose. In addition to those attributes that are believed by the experts to have high impact on customer segmentation, attributes value of loan amount have a big influence. Generally, the result of the study was encouraging, which reinforces the possible application of data mining solution to the microfinance industry, particularly, in customer segmentation and prediction in Buusaa Gonofa microfinance institution.
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    Assessments of Knowledge Sharing Practices: the Case of Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-10-03) Desalegn, Yitagesu; Kebede, Gashaw (PhD)
    The title for this research is Assessments of knowledge sharing: the Case of Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge sharing practices among employees and promote the best knowledge sharing practices for the media house at cooperation. The study used qualitative and quantitative research design as it involves assessing the knowledge sharing practice. For Data collection Primary data collection questionnaires was used. The questionnaire consisted both closed-ended questions and Open-ended question. Findings indicated that, most of the employees agreed the importance of knowledge sharing with their colleagues and also shares their knowledge either for personal satisfaction or for improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization which will help them to improve their skill to solve problems and to increase right decision making ability.
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    A Case Based Reasoning Knowledge Based System for Hypertension Management
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-07) Bekele, Henok; Kebede, Gashaw (PhD)
    Hypertension is a growing public health problem. In this paper, the potential of case based reasoning approach for hypertension management have been investigated. In order to conduct the research, the required knowledge for the study have been collected from hypertension compliant card histories, domain experts and other relevant documents through semi-structured interview and document analysis methods of knowledge elicitation. Then the knowledge is modeled in hierarchical tree manner and case structure of the case base is constructed. Forty five hypertension cases are collected from Brook Medical Service Plc and Bole 17 Health Center to construct the case base. The case based reasoning prototype for hypertension management is implemented by using python 2.6. Nearest Neighbor retrieval algorithm, voting method, domain expert feedback and incremental learning are used for the retrieval, reuse, revise and retain tasks of the prototype respectively. The collected hypertension cases are represented in the form of Feature-vector case representation approaches. The prototype is evaluated by using both statistical analysis and user evaluation. The statistical analysis uses leave-one-out cross validation testing proportion for both the retrieval and reuse processes. The retrieval performance of the prototype shows average value of 86.1% recall and 60% precision, while the performance of the reuse process shows an average value of 88.89% accuracy. The over all performance of the prototype as it is evaluated by domain experts is 3.99 out of 5. Given all these results, the performance of the prototype is promising. All in all the study achieves its objective by developing the prototype with promising performance and user acceptance, and demonstrating case based reasoning approach in designing knowledge based system for hypertension management.
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    Crime Forecasting By Using Data Mining Techniques: The Case of Addis Ababa Police Commission
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-10) Negussie, Hailemariam; Kebede, Gashaw (PhD)
    Law enforcement agencies like that of police today are faced with large volume of data that must be processed and transformed into useful information and hence data mining can greatly improve crime analysis and aid in reducing and preventing crime. Knowledge discovery process has come across a variety of approaches. Hybrid methodology of Knowledge discovery process is one of the popular approaches used in Knowledge discovery process models. Hybrid knowledge discovery process model is a problem solving strategy for this study. The purpose of this study is to identify the relation between offenders, victims and offences and to develop crime prediction model from the available data of Addis Ababa police commission. With this objective, J48 decision trees and PART rule induction algorithms were employed to generate patterns and classify crime records on the basis of the values of attributes CrimeLevel, Time, OffenderJob, Victimjob, OffenderMartialStatus and VictimMaritalStatus. Results of the experiments have shown that PART rule induction algorithm has classified crime records at an average accuracy rate of 88.6% when the above stated attributes were used as a basis for classification. In the experiments, the output indicated that PART rule induction algorithm performed better. The model has been evaluated on the testing dataset for crime level target class and scores a prediction accuracy of 97.2%. Besides, PART generated understandable rules that could be easily presented in human language. The research also demonstrates that crime type, age, educational level, job, marital status, sex, and particular place were the common demography factors of victims and offenders who were exposed to crime. The challenge in this study was, since the demographic similarity of both victims and offenders. So, further study has to be done for each alone.
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    Designing of A Web-Based Integrated Health Research Data Repository System For Ethiopian Public Health Institution
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-01-01) Alemayehu, Kidist; Kebede, Gashaw (PhD)
    Background: Public health data is source health research, it is an asset and potentially useful for further research. Data collection is done for various health researches and stored, hence from time to time increasing amount data and becoming challenge to handle. This study presents the existing data storage utility problems like holding duplicated database, disorganized research resources, lack of accessibility and difficult of treacing. Since lack of powerful data management tools, there is no way of optimal storing to integrate the research finding with its research data. The aim of the designed system is to fill the gap of the existing data storage system and help to have an efficient data management. Objective: The goal of this project is designing and developing health research data repository system that can improve the research data management of EPHI, including preserving and sharing research materials as an integral part of the research process support for the benefit of the researcher. Methodology: The system designed in iterative and incremental development with object oriented approach. In order to collect requirements, data collection tools used (Face to face interview, document review and group discussion). Analysis and designing of the system was performed by unified modeling language tools and Microsoft Visio software. The system prototype is also developed to understand the designed system and system usability test was done to assess effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction of the users on the developed prototype. The new system can improve the existing research data and resources handling, data sharing and storage utility. It solves the challenges of data management based on the need of stakeholders.
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    Developing Knowledge Based System for Cereal Crop Diagnosis and Treatment: The Case of Kulumsa Agriculture Research Center
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06) Wedajo, Elsabet; Kebede, Gashaw (PhD)
    The aim of this research is to extract hidden, novel and potentially useful knowledge concerning corruption from the data taken from existing database of the FEACCE with the help of data mining techniques and tools selected. Persons who are working in any activity can commit corruption knowingly or unknowingly but we don’t know what persons with what personal characteristics are vulnerable to corruption. Currently the FEACCE staffs who are working in investigation of corruption attempt to understand few relationship between corruption category and the characteristics of offenders. This can be achieved by utilizing data mining techniques efficiently, effectively and accurately than those staffs who are working in statistics department using traditional and simple statistical methods to analyze corruption data. To attain the objective of the study the researcher has used CRISP-DM methodology that consist six steps and the steps can be used iteratively until the required results are achieved. From the steps, data preprocessing needs to be given the higher priority because the data bases of FEACCE was inconsistent and incomplete and this needs to be cleaned before it is given as an input for the data mining tool. This step needs more time and effort than the remaining steps. Thus results from data mining techniques that were relied on the structured approach were useful for the FEACCE to attain its objectives. This study applied three different data mining techniques and came up with different models along with evaluations. The models can be used by the FEACCE and other bodies that are combating corruption in the country to predict the future events and classify corruption offenders through both predictive and descriptive modeling techniques. Some of rules generated from association rule mining were not that much interesting because some of the attribute values in the data base were insufficient and some are many. Approximately rules generated from association rule mining and rules developed in classification model were the same as they both are predictive models. The classification model that uses the output of clustering model as an input has best performance than the direct classification of the data set. Application of data mining in corrupt activity data is introduced in this research.
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    Developing Patient Information Record System Integration Framework for Ethiopian Hospitals
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-10-01) Alemayehu, Bayush; Kebede, Gashaw (PhD)
    Health information system integration is bringing together different systems into one so that the system is able to deliver the overarching functionality and ensuring that the different systems function together as a system. This research mainly focused on the problem that describe public health information from one hospital may not be used by other hospital in the absence of integrated HIS. The main objective of the study is developing patient information record integration framework of health information systems for hospitals with specific objectives of, setting the architecture vision and business architecture of hospitals based on the existing system of hospitals information system and to propose the way the new systematic approach can be used to implement integrated patient information record. The scope of the study covers two private hospitals namely Girum General Hospital and Kadisco General Hospital. The open group architecture framework (TOGAF) has been employed as methodology and through this methodology interview and observation were the data collection mechanisms. The finding of the study was that, There is a better way to integrate patient record system of hospitals by using an enterprise architecture specifically, TOGAF for this study. This was done by employing architecture development method life cycle of TOGAF. The architecture vision and principle has been set the business, data, application and technology architecture has been described for both the baseline and the targeted system. TOGAF supported opportunities and solutions have been set as a systematic ways to implement the integrated patient information record system for the hospitals. Requirement management was also prepared and recommendations have been given to hospitals to use TOGAF to review and develop their health information system. This study plays a role in showing ways to integrate HIS of hospitals. Future studies can be done on how the private, the government and different health sectors can be integrated to give better services.
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    Developing Web-Based Referral Information Management System for Hospitals and Health Centers in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06) Regassa, Akale; Mekonnen, Alemayehu (PhD); Kebede, Gashaw (PhD)
    Background: Web-based referral Information management system presents a multitude of potential benefits for health system especially for those in developing countries. It facilitates consultation, reduces unnecessary face to face specialist visits, makes handling of referred patient data efficient, and improves quality of care in referral unit through timely and informed decision. Objective: This project, therefore, aimed to develop a Web-based referral Information management system for hospitals and health centers in Addis Ababa, WRIMSAA. By taking referral centers in Addis Ababa, attempt was made to introduce a Web-based referral Information management system that may substitute the existing traditional referral system. Methodology: In order to meet the objectives of the project, the researcher has performed requirement gathering and analysis prior to employing an Object Oriented Analysis and Design methodology. Analysis, design and implementation of the proposed system, WRIMSAA is performed. UML tools for analysis, design phases and programming tool Java, web application scripting language JSF, JSP embedded with HTML and MySQL database language was employed. Integration of developed modules and testing was the final task performed to bring the system functional. Result: Therefore, in this project the researcher developed a Web-based System, WRIMSAA that helps referral service providers to refer, allocate and redirect patients to alternative facilities with minimal time. A database is developed with integration to web application that improves management of referred patient data at all referral centers, using developed databases the users at referral center can access referral data, anywhere and anytime. Finally, WRIMSAA tested and evaluated by users at referral centers. Conclusion: Improving the existing referral system using Web-based Referral Information Management system plays an important role in enhancing the quality of referral service provision in Ethiopia. It has a great impact in reducing morbidity and mortality rate by providing on time referral service which can be achieved through effective communication, coordination, sharing of patient medication data using Web-based system. Key terms: Web-based Referral Information Management System, Object-Oriented Analysis and Design, Hospitals, Internet, Addis Ababa
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    Identifying Critical Success Factors in the Implementation of Microsoft Dynamics Nav Erp System: in Case of Selected Ethiopian Companies
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-07-07) Felasman, Derbew; Kebede, Gashaw (PhD)
    Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems were highlighted as one of the most common business management systems in the literature, offering the advantages of real-time functionality and greater management power in organizations. With the growth of today's market for information technology, Ethiopian organizations have embarked on ERP implementation systems as a common and necessary platform for leveraging their competitive advantages. Not all ERP implementations were successful though. Since the implementation of ERP brings substantial changes to the business norms, processes, people, and culture of organizations, there are a variety of challenges organizations can face when implementing ERP systems. Hence, understanding the critical success factors (CSF) when implementing an ERP system is vital as it can provide a successful implementation. Previous research in Ethiopia has mainly focused on the general perspective, whereas only very few researches done in Ethiopia on ERP implementation life cycle, with a limited focus on small sample size and single cases. This thesis complements the research by concentrating on investigating the effect of critical success factors in the chartering phase of Microsoft Dynamics NAV ERP system implementation. This study aims to identify critical success factors in the project chartering phase of Microsoft Dynamics NAV ERP System implementation. Eight critical success factors are derived from previous research: (1) Project Champion, (2) Project management, (3) Business plan and vision, (4) Top Management support, (5) ERP Team and Composition, (6) Change management, (7) Effective Communication, and (8) Legacy System consideration. Hypotheses are developed from these essential success factors which are evaluated using a survey including 5 rating scale questions in Likert format. The hypothesis is tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient and an application of multiple linear regression. The results show that two critical success factors are most critical in the project chartering phase of Microsoft Dynamics NAV ERP system implementation. These are ERP team and composition, and change management. The researcher recommended for other organizations to consider the three critical success factors while implementing the Microsoft Dynamics NAV ERP system.
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    Knowledge Based System for Pre-Medical Triage Treatment at Adama University Asella Hospital
    (Addis Ababa University, 2013-01-04) Aboneh, Tagel; Kebede, Gashaw (PhD)
    Health problems touch every aspect of human life such as health condition, working environment, family life, social relations, economic and political activities of every endeavor. However, health care services are not efficient throughout the world as it is required to be. While the burden of chronic disease in sub-Saharan Africa is very high, the current density and distribution of the health workforce suggested that sub-Saharan Africa can’t respond to the growing demand of chronic disease care. Ethiopia is one of the developing countries in sub- Sahara Africa. In Ethiopia the health problems are a hot issue for every stakeholder, to minimize the death of citizen by different chronic diseases. In the health domain the gap exists due to low patient handling capacity of health institutions and the growing demand of individuals who need response from the health sectors. The major challenge for health service in the country is shortage of skilled manpower in the health sector. In Ethiopia the number of health professionals and patients’ demand are disproportionate. Some indicators of these problems are holding capacity mismatch, which includes emergency department (ED) over-crowded by number of patients’, ambulance service problem and boarding of admitted patients due to lack of hospital beds. Most patients experience very lengthy wait before receiving care, and some leave without getting treatment. Lacks of enough knowledge among primary health care workers, allocation of insufficient budgets for health sectors and the absence of adequate awareness about epidemic illnesses are the other challenges that create obstacles to address the health care services satisfactorily. The factors are the challenges that affect the quality of health care service in hospitals and reduce the quality of decisions made by physicians in the domain area. As a result, objective of the study was to investigate the applicability of rule-based reasoning approach in the development of knowledge based system for hospital triage service so as to improve the quality of decision made by general practitioners, to provide effective and efficient services to the patients and to improve shortage of human expert in specific domain area. To achieve this objective, domain knowledge is acquired using semi-structured interview technique is implemented. Domain experts are selected from Adama University Asella hospital using purposive sampling instrument. In addition, secondary data is acquired from different sources such as journal articles, health care guidelines, manuals, books and different websites. The conceptual model of the knowledge based system used a decision tree structure which is easy to understand and interpret the procedures involved in patient diagnoses. Based on the conceptual model, the prototype is developed with LPA WIN prolog by using ‘if – then’ rules. The prototype developed uses backward chaining to infer the rules and provide appropriate recommendations. Generally, the performance of the prototype knowledge based system has got good acceptance by the system evaluators. According to the system evaluators 85% of the users are satisfied with the prototype. In addition, the performance of the system is evaluated by using predictive validation techniques with twenty test cases. The results of the validation test case indicate that the prototype is about 80% accurate. In the end, some recommendations are forwarded such as the integration of rule based reasoning with case based reasoning to improve the performance of the inference engine, to develop the knowledge based system in different local languages to enable the users to communicate using their own local language and to further strengthen the study in the domain area.
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    Knowledge Based System for Pre-Medical Triage Treatment at Adama University Asella Hospital
    (Addis Ababa University, 2013-01) Aboneh, Tagel; Kebede, Gashaw (PhD)
    Health problems touch every aspect of human life such as health condition, working environment, family life, social relations, economic and political activities of every endeavor. However, health care services are not efficient throughout the world as it is required to be. While the burden of chronic disease in sub-Saharan Africa is very high, the current density and distribution of the health workforce suggested that sub-Saharan Africa can’t respond to the growing demand of chronic disease care. Ethiopia is one of the developing countries in sub- Sahara Africa. In Ethiopia the health problems are a hot issue for every stakeholder, to minimize the death of citizen by different chronic diseases. In the health domain the gap exists due to low patient handling capacity of health institutions and the growing demand of individuals who need response from the health sectors. The major challenge for health service in the country is shortage of skilled manpower in the health sector. In Ethiopia the number of health professionals and patients’ demand are disproportionate. Some indicators of these problems are holding capacity mismatch, which includes emergency department (ED) over-crowded by number of patients’, ambulance service problem and boarding of admitted patients due to lack of hospital beds. Most patients experience very lengthy wait before receiving care, and some leave without getting treatment. Lacks of enough knowledge among primary health care workers, allocation of insufficient budgets for health sectors and the absence of adequate awareness about epidemic illnesses are the other challenges that create obstacles to address the health care services satisfactorily. The factors are the challenges that affect the quality of health care service in hospitals and reduce the quality of decisions made by physicians in the domain area. As a result, objective of the study was to investigate the applicability of rule-based reasoning approach in the development of knowledge based system for hospital triage service so as to improve the quality of decision made by general practitioners, to provide effective and efficient services to the patients and to improve shortage of human expert in specific domain area. To achieve this objective, domain knowledge is acquired using semi-structured interview technique is implemented. Domain experts are selected from Adama University Asella hospitalHealth problems touch every aspect of human life such as health condition, working environment, family life, social relations, economic and political activities of every endeavor. However, health care services are not efficient throughout the world as it is required to be. While the burden of chronic disease in sub-Saharan Africa is very high, the current density and distribution of the health workforce suggested that sub-Saharan Africa can’t respond to the growing demand of chronic disease care. Ethiopia is one of the developing countries in sub- Sahara Africa. In Ethiopia the health problems are a hot issue for every stakeholder, to minimize the death of citizen by different chronic diseases. In the health domain the gap exists due to low patient handling capacity of health institutions and the growing demand of individuals who need response from the health sectors. The major challenge for health service in the country is shortage of skilled manpower in the health sector. In Ethiopia the number of health professionals and patients’ demand are disproportionate. Some indicators of these problems are holding capacity mismatch, which includes emergency department (ED) over-crowded by number of patients’, ambulance service problem and boarding of admitted patients due to lack of hospital beds. Most patients experience very lengthy wait before receiving care, and some leave without getting treatment. Lacks of enough knowledge among primary health care workers, allocation of insufficient budgets for health sectors and the absence of adequate awareness about epidemic illnesses are the other challenges that create obstacles to address the health care services satisfactorily. The factors are the challenges that affect the quality of health care service in hospitals and reduce the quality of decisions made by physicians in the domain area. As a result, objective of the study was to investigate the applicability of rule-based reasoning approach in the development of knowledge based system for hospital triage service so as to improve the quality of decision made by general practitioners, to provide effective and efficient services to the patients and to improve shortage of human expert in specific domain area. To achieve this objective, domain knowledge is acquired using semi-structured interview technique is implemented. Domain experts are selected from Adama University Asella hospital using purposive sampling instrument. In addition, secondary data is acquired from different sources such as journal articles, health care guidelines, manuals, books and different websites. The conceptual model of the knowledge based system used a decision tree structure which is easy to understand and interpret the procedures involved in patient diagnoses. Based on the conceptual model, the prototype is developed with LPA WIN prolog by using ‘if – then’ rules. The prototype developed uses backward chaining to infer the rules and provide appropriate recommendations. Generally, the performance of the prototype knowledge based system has got good acceptance by the system evaluators. According to the system evaluators 85% of the users are satisfied with the prototype. In addition, the performance of the system is evaluated by using predictive validation techniques with twenty test cases. The results of the validation test case indicate that the prototype is about 80% accurate. In the end, some recommendations are forwarded such as the integration of rule based reasoning with case based reasoning to improve the performance of the inference engine, to develop the knowledge based system in different local languages to enable the users to communicate using their own local language and to further strengthen the study in the domain area.
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    Predicting the Occurrence of Under Nutrition Status of Under- Five Children in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Kumela, Chaluma; Kebede, Gashaw (PhD); Kumie, Abera (PhD)
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    Proposing Generic Knowledge Management Strategy for Private Universities in Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-01-01) Belhu, Almaz; Kebede, Gashaw (PhD)
    This research was set out to propose a generic knowledge management strategy for private universities in Addis Ababa. Knowledge management (KM) strategy is an operating framework or plan that describes how an organization will effectively operate KM. Private Universities in Addis Ababa have not been able to implement KM due to a lack of good KM strategic planning. This study is aimed at proposing a generic KM strategy using four private universities as a case study. The research approach is case study and the research design of the study is guided by a combination of two research frameworks: (1) the KM framework (figure 2) which is composed of four stages to guide the entire research process of the research and (2) knowledge management strategic development process shown at figure 3 to guide the development of the KM strategy for the studied universities under stage 3 of the research process. Purposive random sampling technique is used to select respondents. A knowledge audit questionnaire was used to collect data from the full-time academic staff of private universities and analyzed using SPSS (static package for social science). The result indicates that KM was relatively new for most staff in private universities. Those universities lacked the ability to storage, organize, capture and codify knowledge. Collaboration culture is very weak in sharing knowledge among staff. Therefore private universities have many initial problems developing a KM program.KM processes that should be immediately implemented in order to enhance the effectiveness of KM at those universities are knowledge storage, organization, and capture processes. The research proposes a generic KM strategy for private universities should be a hybrid/Integrated strategy which focuses on both a personalization strategy and a codification strategy with defined KM mission and KM goal. In addition, the KM strategy should incorporate emerging strategic issues and decisions once the KM strategy is rolled out in each university. A personalization strategy should be in the leading role and codification should be in the supporting role. These strategies, however, still need more factors to bring about a successful application; including commitment of the culture, information technology, staff, organization management, leadership, KM team, KM process, and useful measurements.