Browsing by Author "Kebede, Aweke (PhD)"

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    Food Handling Practices and Associated Factors Among Food Handlers in Selected Food Establishments in Yeka Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-12-02) Fanta, Fresenbet; Kebede, Aweke (PhD)
    Among other food value chains, poor food handling practice is key cause of foodborne diseases notably in developing countries like Ethiopia where, most cases of diarrheal disease due to consumption of contaminated foods. This study aimed to assess food safety knowledge, attitude and practice of food handlers in food establishments and determinants of safe food handling practice in selected part of, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We conducted institution based cross-sectional study among food handlers in Cafeterias, Restaurants and Hotels in Addis Ababa, Yeka sub city. A total of 284 food handlers: 69 from Cafeterias, 89 from Restaurants and 126 from Hotels were enrolled in the study using stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected in observational checklist and through structured-questionnaire via face to face interview. A binary and multivariate logistic regression was used and adjusted for cofounders and covariates. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The present study revealed that 42.6% of food handlers had good food handling practice. Food handling practice were significantly associated with sex (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR)= 2.63 CI= 1.15, 6.00), monthly income (AOR= 2.66 CI= 1.16, 6.12), availability of functional pipe water supply (AOR= 3.54 CI= 1.34, 9.34), availability of soap or detergents (AOR= 2.03 CI= 1.17, 3.50) and presence of insects or rodents (AOR= 0.28 CI= 0.11, 0.70). The food handlers in the study area were executing in a poor food handling practice, as most of them were not knowledgeable as needed. In fact, revising the salary of food handlers based on their work load is valid, as there is existing worldwide economic and cost of life inflation. Likewise enhancing the water supply in each food establishments and dispatching sufficient soaps and detergents coupled with eradicating insects and rodents are key. Furthermore there is a call for action for regulatory bodies which to giving license for the establishment while address all the basic criteria’s based on official guideline/checklist, and also need regular inspection by authority which would augment the safety and hygiene practice of the food handlers and establishment to protect the public health and maximize food safety.
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    Iodine deficiency in School Aged Children 7-12 years and Associated Factors in Akaki-kality Subcity of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-01) Emiru, Solomon; Urga, Kelbessa (Associate Professor); Kebede, Aweke (PhD)
    Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for normal human growth and development as it is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones produced by thyroid glands. Iodine deficiency is a severe public health problem in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of goiter, urinary iodine status and to determine iodine content of salt consumed by school age children 7-12 years. A school based cross-sectional study was conducted in five randomly selected primary schools in Akaki-kality subcity of Addis Ababa during April to July 2015. A total of 270 children were included in the study. Questionnaire was used to collect information of socio-demographic, knowledge on iodine deficiency and practices of iodized salt consumption. Clinical examination of thyroid gland was assessed by standard palpation method. Spot urine samples were collected and analyzed by Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. Iodine content of salt samples was determined by iodometric titration method. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were carried out. The overall prevalence of goiter was 23.3% with (Grade 1=22.2% and Grade 2=1.1%). Prevalence of goiter in females and males was 27.4% and 19.3% respectively. As the age increased the goiter prevalence also increased in age group 10-12 years (AOR=2.6; 95% CI=1.4, 4.8; p=0.003) and school where children learned (AOR=3.8; 95%CI=1.4, 10.1; p=0.009) were factors highly associated with goiter. The median urinary iodine level of school age children was 85.7 μg/L, Interquartile Range was 56.3 – 127.4 μg/L. The UIC was below 100μg/L in 62% of the children and 20% had UIC below 50μg/L. Inadequate iodine status of children was highly associated with age 7-9 years (AOR=2.2; 95%CI=1.1, 4.3; p=0.028), educational status of family (AOR=4.1; 95%CI=1.4, 11.8; p=0.009) and children’s consumed coarse salt (AOR=308.4; 95%CI=39.2, 2429.2; p=0.000). Only 20% of the total salt samples were adequately iodized. The finding of this study revealed that iodine deficiency is a moderate public health problem and iodized salt consumption is very low in the study area. Therefore, further strengthen the existing monitoring system for the quality of iodized salt and awareness creation activities on the benefits of iodine nutrition have to be intensified. Keywords: Iodine deficiency; School age children; Urinary iodine excretion ;Goiter ;Iodized salt
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    Nutritional Status and School Performance of Children benefited from School feeding program in Selected elementary School, Arada Sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Mokonnen, Gutama; Debebe, Zelalem (PhD); Kebede, Aweke (PhD); Mesfin, Firehiwot (PhD)
    Background:-Malnutrition, temporary hunger, poor health condition and socioeconomic status of parents are among the many reasons for underperformance of children in school. School feeding program has been implemented in many countries in order to make students concentrate in their academic exercise. The government of Ethiopian in collaboration with development partners is piloting school feeding program in selected food insecure areas of the country. The effectiveness of the program is not yet evaluated. Objective: - The objective of this study was to assess the impact of school feeding program on nutritional status and academic performance of children in the selected schools Arada sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: - A School based cross sectional and comparative perspective cohort study was conducted in 4 randomly selected schools. Over all 234 primary students participated in the study. The students are randomly assigned for intervention (N=117) and control (N=117). The students were assessed for socio-demographic characteristics, biochemical test, dietary diversity score (DDS), food intake and anthropometric measurements. DDS and adequacy of food intake were determined using meal served for five consecutive days. All other parameters were assessed before and after the intervention as well as at six months for both the intervention and control group. The data were before and after the intervention and against the control group. Nutritional status was calculated using WHO (2007 growth standard. Result: -. The percentage of anemic students in fed and non-school fed groups before intervention was 35.5% and 38.5% respectively. Anemia has reduced to 18.9% and 35.5% for school fed and non-school fed group respectively after intervention. The reduction of anemia in the intervention group is significant (p<0.001). The overall stunting prevalence was (19.1%). Students who had anemia were less likely to achieve higher academic performance than those who hadn't (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.41-0.83). The prevalence of underweight (BMI for age below the 5 percentile) in the study group was 15.1% and 21.5% for feeding and non-feeding group respectively. None of students in both groups were overweight. More number of students (55.6%) in school feeding group significantly (p=0.021academic score above mean value than non-school feeding group (47.9%).In this study, nutritional status shows significant association with academic performance (p=0.012). The mean of the students’ grade in the feeding program were 64.6 as compared to 59.5 which was before feeding program started. It is clear that that the school feeding contributed to students score improvement significantly (p=0.021). the proportion of students who scored above mean from school feeding program were 55.6% as compared to control group which is 47.9% the study indicate that more number of students from the feeding group score above mean than non-feeding group. The rate of absenteeism between the control intervention group is not significant (p=0.123).There is no significant (p=0.0875) difference in dropout and class repetition between school fed and non-school fed group. No significance difference in energy value between the schools (p=0.155). All of the four schools` meals contain inadequate level of calcium, zinc and magnesium but adequate level of iron. There was no significant difference in micronutrient contents between the schools. Conclusion: -The prevalence of wasting in the school was high it is likely to affect school performance. Although the duration of the study short nutritional status of the students is associated with good academic performance. Hemoglobin level was improved by school feeding program. Living in a large family size, low socio-economic status of the parents or guardian, inadequate amount of nutrient in food supplied, anemia and malnutrition are the cause of poor academic performance. The nutrient content and the energy supplied to the children through school feeding was below the recommended dietary allowance. The program need to consider quality and adequacy of the meal provided. Further longitudinal study may be needed to see the long term benefit of school feeding program. Key words: Nutrient composition; academic achievement; anemia, dietary diversity; and school feeding.
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    Prevalence of Over Nutrition and Associated Factors Among Private Primary School Children in Bole Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Asefa, Brhan; Kebede, Aweke (PhD)
    Overweight and obesity are excessive fat accumulation in the body which can entail severe implication on people’s health. Obesity imposes unacceptably high health problem and economic and social costs on countries at all income level. Obesity represent a severe public health problem, mainly due to the global trend towards increased prevalence rates and the impact they cause in society .In Ethiopia, higher prevalence of overweight and obesity were observed in the Addis Ababa. There for the objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of overweight and associated factors among primary school Children School based cross sectional study was conducted among a random sample of 300 first cycle primary school students. Body mass index was used for determining nutritional status. Descriptive statistics, bivariant analysis and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to see factors associated with over nutrition. The study revealed that 39.1% [95%CL= (34.4-44.6) of school age children were overweight. History of parental Obesity, where the families encourage their children to do physical exercise food preference of highly carbohydrate and Time allowed by parents to watch TV /video games were significantly at (P<0.05) associated with over nutrition in first cycle primary school age (6-11) years old students in Bole sub city Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Therefore, interventions need to focus on attitudinal and behavioral change towards child feeding and should target children, families and teachers to overcome the ever increasing problem of overweight in school age children are recommendable. Keywords: Overweight, Associated Factors, Primary School Children, Body Mass Index.