Browsing by Author "Jote, Kefiyalew"

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    Dietary Habit and Prevalence of Anemia Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic During their third Trimester and Concentration of Micronutrient in Cord Blood: Effect on Neonatal Birth Weight
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-05-11) Jote, Kefiyalew; Baye, Kaleab (PhD)
    Background: Micronutrients are life sustaining nutrients that are needed in small quantities for effective functioning of human metabolic activities and development. Deficiency of most micronutrients can result in adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Objective: To determine the influence of third trimester pregnant women's dietary habit on anemia status, cord blood micronutrient concentration and neonatal birth weight. Method: A prospective case series study design and convenient sampling technique were used. 123 third trimester pregnant women were interviewed to assess their socio-demographic characteristics, dietary pattern, and clinical conditions. The hemoglobin values of the women were determined using HemoCue. Among these subjects, neonatal birth weight and cord blood was collected from 57 subjects out of whom 49 delivered at term. The cord blood micronutrient concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Descriptive analysis, Bivariate, and multivariable regression analysis were the statistical tools used in this study. Results: About 35.8 % of the pregnant women were anemic. The mean age (years) of the pregnant women was 25.8 ± 5.4 (SD) and 55.3 % were multiparous. The most commonly consumed food by the subjects was cereals (98.4%) and coffee was found to be the most commonly consumed drink (93.5%). Majority of the pregnant women (57.8 %) had three meals a day. Maternal factors such as, dietary diversity score (β = 0.413, P = 0.003), level of education (β = 0.541, P < 0.001), body mass index (β = 0.162, P = 0.013), consumption of cereals (r = 0.407, P = 0.001) and carbonated drinks (β = 0.954, P = 0.002) had positive linear relationship with hemoglobin. Whereas, factors such as the amount of cups of tea taken per day (β = -0.374, P = 0.021), consumption of legumes (β = -0.579, P = 0.014), roots and tubers (β = -0.700, P = 0.004), and level of fasting (r = -0.374, P = 0.038) were negatively associated with hemoglobin. Preeclampsia (r = 0.258, P=0.038), and vitamin A-rich foods (β = -0.228, P = 0.048) were found to be predictors of anemia. The maternal age (β = -1.867, P = 0.038), body mass index (r = - 0.330, P = 0.010) and preeclampsia (β = -0.653, P = 0.001) showed negative correlation with cord blood iron, calcium and zinc concentration respectively. The amount of coffee taken per day was also negatively associated with cord blood calcium concentration (β = -24.997, P = 0.018). Parity, consumption of roots and tubers and umbilical cord blood iron concentration were important predictors of neonatal birth weight (β = -0.336, P = 0.007, β = -0.196, P = 0.037and β = -0.158, P = 0.005) respectively. Conclusion: The dietary pattern, nutritional status, and pre-eclempsia of third trimester pregnant women were associated with maternal anemia and cord blood micronutrient concentration. Root and tuber consumption, cord blood iron concentration, and parity were negatively associated with neonatal birth weight. Health education that includes reproductive health and optimal nutrition during pregnancy is needed.
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    Influence of third Trimester Pregnant Women's Dietary Habit and Anemia Status on Cord Blood Micronutrient Concentration and Neonatal Birth Weight
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-02-02) Jote, Kefiyalew; Baye, Kaleab (PhD)
    This study determined the levels of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations and nutritional values in four brands of canned dry-milk and fish in addition. The storage conditions of the supermarkets from where the sample foods collected were discussed. The result indicated that the mean ± SD levels of Cu and Zn in the four brands of milk were lower than the FAO/WHO maximum tolerable limit (FAO/WHO, 1984). The relative highest level of Cd (1.991±0.47mg/g) observed in CM milk brand from Holland was above the maximum tolerable limit 0.2 ppm (FAO/WHO, 1984). In contrast the Cd level was low (0.202±0.309 mg/g) in AM milk branded from Ethiopia. The level of Pb in all milk brands were above the FAO/WHO (1984) limit of lead 1.5 ppm. The mean cadmium content of canned dry-milk significantly (at 0.05) depends on the milk brand. The determined and labeled energy values of all dry-milk brands were significantly (p = 0.05) different. The highest mean ± SD value of Cu (3.004±1.809 mg/g), Cd (3.541±2.467mg/g), Pb (6.574±2.899 mg/g) and Zn (33.897±3.670 mg/g) were observed in CF fish brand canned in sunflower oil imported from Spain; while the lowest Cu level (0.442±0.088 mg/g) of DIF fish brand packed in sunflower oil imported from Thailand, Cd level (0.381±0.274mg/g), Pb level (1.791±0.275) and Zn level (1.918±1.872) were of NF fish brands from Indonesia packed in vegetable oil. Except the CF brand, the determined and labeled energy yield of DIF and NF fish brands were statistically (p=0.05) different. The supermarkets illumination and ventilation condition have significant association (r=0.999) with Cd residue in canned fish only. Therefore, the appropriateness of storage condition of the foods should be kept to the standard. Generally, canned foods should be traced for their heavy metals residue and checked for their nutrient and energy value it yields routinely to make sure the public in getting what is indicated on the label.