Browsing by Author "Hailu, Samuel"

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    Assessment of Quality of Life among Children with Epilepsy and Associated Factors in Governmental Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,2021.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022) Hailu, Samuel; Mekonnen, Wubegzier (PhD)
    Abstract Background: Quality of life (QOL) is increasingly recognized as an important patient-reported outcome in health care research. However, the use is still restricted. Epilepsy impact was far more frequently evaluated considering QOL but only focused on adult patients so this research focused on children. Objective: To assess the quality of life among children between (7-18) with epilepsy and associated factors in governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2021. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed and data was collected from 564 children using a face-to-face interview in Addis Ababa from November 2020 to January 2021 selected using multi-stage sampling method. Probability proportionate to size technique was applied to select children from each hospital. The data was cleaned, entered through EPI-INFO 3.1and exported to STATA version 15.0 for analysis. Frequency distributions of variables were tabulated. The raw numbers of the five-point Likert scale for QOLIE-CH-48 domain scores were converted into a 0-100-point response scale, with higher scores indicating better QOL.ANOVA was used to assess the relationship between quality of life and the independent variables. Multiple linear regression was conducted to identify factors predicting quality of life. The threshold for statistical significance was p<0.05. Result: -A total of 564 children participated with a response rate of 94.1%. The mean score of quality of life was 60.18±8.68 (95% CI: 59.05, 61.23). Self-depression (P= 0.0094 F=3.39), number of anti-epileptic drug (AED) (P=0.0021 F=4.97), types of seizure (P= 0.000, F=52.26) were statistically significant predictors of QOL.A score in quality of life increased by 5.03 for every unit increase in a score of seizure frequency per week with (β= 5.0395% CI:0.4 - 0.9).Quality of life of epileptic patients increased by 0.19 and 1.99 in every unit increase in a score of stigma and anxiety (β= 0.1995% CI: (-0.1 - 0.1) and(β=1.99, 95%CI: 0.007- 1.03) respectively. Conclusion: -The quality of life among children with epilepsy was low. Stigma, seizure, depression and anxiety, and AED side effects were statically significant for quality of life. Implementing interventions that focus on early detection like self depression and stigma in children with epilepsy should be of great concern for healthcare providers.
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    Delays in Maternal Morbidity and Maternal Mortality at Facility Level, Tigray Regional State,
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2006-05) Hailu, Samuel; Enqueselassie, Fikre (PhD)
    Each year, more than 500,000 women world wide die from complications related child birth. With good quality obstetric care, approximately 90 percent of these deaths could be averted. The assistance of skilled birth attendants during labor, delivery and the immediate post partum period is one important component of quality of obstetric care. How ever little is known about the cause of what is known as ‘the third delay” the delay in receiving medical attention after a woman arrives at a health care facility. Through this paper two major things were examined. The objective of the study was to assess the delays in maternal mortality and morbidity and to assess avoidability of maternal deaths. The first were causes and circumstances of maternal deaths that have occurred in hospitals, the second measured the patient delay and the hospital delay in case of emergency obstetric care. The studies were carried out between December 2005- may 2006 in Tigray, Ethiopia. The maternal death audit as well the patient and hospital delay study were facility based. The maternal death audit study assessed each death for the cause and circumstances of deaths, avoidable factors, by utilizing both review of patient and facility records and interviewing those who were involved in the care of deceased woman. Results shows that 15 (44.1 %) were unavoidable maternal deaths and 12 (35.7%) were possibly avoidable maternal deaths, the leading causes of death were infection 16 (47. 1%) followed by haemorrhage 10 (29.4 %). The review also identified avoidable factors finding that most of these factors related to hospital service or medical factors. Patient factors, transport factors were also noted. Among the hospital factors institutional delay like delay to refer for treatment, lack of blood, delay in transfusion, inappropriate institutional treatment Samuel Hailu, The delays study vi and substandard care were also noted. The interval between the onset of signs and symptoms and arrival at the facility is measured and operationalized as patient delay and the interval between arrival and initial evaluation is measured as hospital delay but no standards define patient delay and hospital delay. The median (range) for the patient and hospital delays is 8(125) hrs and 0(6) hrs respectively. The qualities of medical records were very poor lacking many key data items and time element was also a rare finding. Based on the findings it is recommended implementing an initiative to improve medical record documentation at all hospitals. This would facilitate medical record review for quality purposes. It is also recommended a quality improvement approach to strengthen the triage system that is already in place. Maternal death audit as a system need to be institutionalized. Educational campaigns are necessary to raise awareness of the community on danger signs of pregnancy so as to avoid patient delay and in-service training for care providers to avoid hospital delay and mismanagement. Since no standards define "delays" it was found to be difficult to judge whether delays occurred or not and where the delays has occurred. As a result it is recommended that Evidence based standard should be developed. Further study on the cause of what is known as ‘the third delay” the delay in receiving medical attention after a woman arrives at a health care facility through Patient flow analysis needs to be done
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    Electric and Magnetic Properties of High-Tc Oxide Superconductors
    (Addis Ababa University, 1993-10) Hailu, Samuel
    The theories of conventional super conductivity are reviewed. We have investigated the electric and magnetic properties using different seebeck effect measurement, experimental techniques such as Hall effect measurement, and standard four - probe method. Based on the experiment, transition carrier concentration are estimated. Our metallic above transition temperature. temperature and samples behave To explain the superconducting mechanism, exciton mechanism is discussed with respect to ABB (Allender, Bray and Bardeen) model: - a thin metallic layer on a semiconductor surface. Using computer simulation, we observe that our results agree with theoretical proposed exciton mechanism model (ABB)