Browsing by Author "Hagos Ashenafi"

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    Compile Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-06) Gebremedhin Gebreslassie; Negusse Deyessa; Hagos Ashenafi; Abdunnasir Abagaro
    Residents are expected to produce and summit Compile Body of Works as a partial fulfillment for their Masters of public health degree in field epidemiology to school of graduate studies of Addis Ababa University. This Compile Body of Works has six chapters and four annexes. Chapter I: Presents two outbreaks; Cholera and brucellosis investigations. We investigated cholera outbreak in Kafta Humera District Wester Zone of Tigray region. Since August 28, to September 16, 2018 there were139 cases of daily workers those come from different camps to the district. We use them for descriptive analysis without control. Open defecation of farm areas and drinking untreated river water, contact tracing, crowding in one camp room among the identified risk factors. More over weak early contact tracing seasonal flood and distance of farms to health facility furnishes the way to aggravate for long time in controlling. The incidence rate was only male daily workers and new comers that live in camps.We recommended to mobilize ORP sites near to the farms, distribution of water chemicals and should have early contact tracing. We have also an investigation brucellosis outbreak Degua Temben district. We use 50 cases and 150 unmatched controls. From the cases 26(52%) of were males.Here we investigated the abortion case in animals and associated materials was the source of human brucellosis. Human 4(100%), and animal 18(38%) samples taken were confirmed seropositive by RBPT. The odds ratio of having aborted animal and assisting abortions have significant association from risk factors identified. No death at all. We recommended public health education to reduce contact, not to use raw animal products and keeping environmental hygiene. Chapter II: Describes surveillance data analysis on suspected anthrax in Tigray region. We described four year reported data of suspected anthrax cases in human and animals. 404 suspected cases and 6 deaths were recorded (3015-2018) and 1.46 % mortality rate at region level. 55.8% of the cases were recorded in 2016 and 44% case fatality rate was seen in animals (2018). All sex and age groups were affected. Central zone was the highest recorded cases by the two Sectors. We stressed surveillance activities should give attention in general and specially to central zone together. Chapter III: Surveillance system evaluation on suspected anthrax cases in Abi-Adi and Kola Temben districts of Tigray region. We use purposive selection method based the data analysis result we describe in chapter two. Suspected anthrax was under the immediate reportable diseases in human and animals. We showed 83.3% case definition of anthrax in all health facilities, reporting format and daily listed cases by simple chart in two health offices. Surveillance focal persons have a problem data analysis. They couldn‘t take training. Applying the Attributes, core activities in suspected anthrax were well practiced however, as sensitivity of the system, the focal person complains they had additional work load. Ours recommendation training and some logistics such as computers, stationary should be needed to complete by the district and region.Chapter IV: Public health surveillance system in Kola temben. We assessing the public health status of 8 health centers and 28 health posts at district level, Education, water resources supply of power and road access. In representativeness health facility and educational facility were at good level. However, Coverage of water supply (55%), one health center and one separate technical school needs prioritizing and environmental hygiene at woreda level needs attention and so the prioritize diseases. Chapter V. Epidemic research project proposal here we proposed an assessment of brucellosis in southeast zone of Tigray in three districts. Brucellosis is a miss diagnosed and chronic nature; it was not common in our region to see a case of brucellosis in human. The incidence of outbreak in Degua Temben points as, to see the status of knowledge attitude and practice of the community to assess. We will have tried to build community based definitions and mobilizing the professional in diagnosing and the public contact with brucellosis. Chapter VI: Manuscripts prepared for scientific peer received journals for publication from data analysis of suspected anthrax. Chapter VII: Additional works and activities: Abstract of Anthrax for scientific writing. Chapter VIII: Training on capacity building on brucellosis case definition in human and animals, Bulletin‘s week 12 and Consent f
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    Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-04) Taddie Wondmnew; Hagos Ashenafi; Alemayehu Bekele
    The Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) is 8 years competency based master’s program adapted from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) Program. The School of Public Health/Addis Ababa University, the Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia/Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI),and CDC Ethiopia are running the Program jointly former your years. After all the program extended their coverage to other 8 university to increase field epidemiologist for the country. The field work comprises of 75% of the Program which is called residency; learning by working in public health emergency and other health related priority issues. The Program is designed to assist the Ministry of Health in building or strengthening health systems by recruiting promising health workers and building their competencies through on-the-job mentorship and training.Ethiopia adopted the Field Epidemiology Training Program to help improve leadership within Public Health Emergency Management. The Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) provides residents a Master of Public Health Degree in Field Epidemiology after they complete two years of supervised work in applied or Field Epidemiology. This compiled body of works has 10 main sections or chapters accomplished during the residency time of the Program. The first 7 sections are expected outputs during the residency time; comprising of outbreak investigation, surveillance data analysis, evaluation of the surveillance system, health profile description report, writing of finalized scientific manuscript for peer review journals, abstracts submitted to scientific conferences, summary of disaster situation visited/risk assessment and other additional works. The overall outputs of the two years Field Residency Program will be presented in a summarized way; in the outbreak investigations chapter or section, one unmatched case control outbreak investigation of Pertussis in Sayient Woreda, North west part of Ethiopia, January 2019 was documented. Health profile description report was done in Fogera district in March 2018 and Surveillance system evaluation was also done in Fogera and Dera Districts, Amhara Region, in March 2018. One finalized scientific manuscript was prepared for peer reviewed journal. A report on need assessment (risk assessment) on prioritized Districts of Amhara Regional State was also conducted with other XIII team members from food security center, WHO, UNICEF, ADDPS and Other Regional Bureau. Under other additional works/outputs section (last chapter) activities like provision of training for public health emergency management (PHEM) officers working at different levels (regional to health facility level) in the Amhara Regional Health Bureau were also undertaken. Other activities we developed of Rabies and Anthrax case based and line list and weekly Bulletin,update, summary report of Pertussis outbreak, prepared and present Anthrax outbreak investigation report on Workshops.
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    Serologlcal and Parasltologlcal Survey of Dourlne (Trypallosoma Equiperdum) in Selected Sites of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2005-06) Hagos Ashenafi; Abebe, Professor Getachew
    The present stud} wa~ conducted rrom August 2004 to Apnl 2005 \\ L1h Iht: ObJccll\e~ IIf dctemumng. the prevalence, extent and d istribution 0 dourine III horses and IO\CSlIgaling occurrence of cllmeal cases 3S well 3S carner st:ltes of donkey .. and mules III the Arst- B:llc Illghla nds. At the same time a longLtudmal study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the Isomet::mudlUlll chlonde ( ISMM) Hnd DlITu nazenc acetumte (I)I~ I ) III Iht treatment of chmcal cases of dou rine. An IIlvcs ligalion was also conducted encom p a~Slllg cluesttonmure nnd serological survey on the presence of dOUrine in adjacent geographic"l areas of the Ar<;I-Ha1c highlands and other sclected parts of the country with lugh equlOe population, The stud) methodology was based on quest ionn:lIrc, serological. climeal and pa rasitological s urve~, The questionnaire survey indicated thai dourine, locally known, as " Lappessa" or "DirrC$sa·· is a major health problem of equines in the Arsi-Bale highlands Though, dourine 1<; a common clinical case through Qut the year, it has a seasonal character. \\ hieh most commonly occur" following Ih t' breeding !;l'aSOIl from Junc to late September. SOIllC!ltne~ a <;('coml peak IS observcd III Ihe dl) seasons of the ~ car (March to t>. or any other haemopara~l1c~ could be detected in all cxanllned Glemsa stained smears (th in blood. gell ital di sc harge and ti~l;uC fluids) as well as In blood samples by mil CT. All the puppIes Inoculated \\lth blood samrk~. gellll.tl washes and oedcmalOUS nUids remained parasl1ologicall) Ilegau\e. Diffe rent charactcri stic clinical signs of dourinc were observed in clilllcally ~Ic k horses of both sexes. The prominent clinical signs observed as genital fom) of the disease mclude vagmal dl:.chargc mallll~ of mucopurulent type "ilh foul odour. oedema lind presence of deplgmcn ted ..,cars 0\ ('1' till' o,:)'lernal genita lia, oc,icmu of Ihe <;cro ltlm and prepuce aecomp:llllcd by pn:pucl.:t1 ali \\ell .h urethral dIscharge and ukl'rallon of the genital mucosae mlllnl~ nf the- pen tie In hoth "'C\l' ~ . lamencs~ in one or both leg ... panml dr;tgglng and slIffnc"s of thl' lund Icg~ and Itlcoordtnilth)n \H·r~· lhc dominant sign .. nbscrvo.!d ,I ~ nervous form of lhe dl ~CIl<; C viii Horses with different ehOlcal signs of doun nl! were categonsed Into one of the followi ng fi\e grou[ls based on the cl llllcal findings ApparcllIly healthy (4681. non-spccliic signs like emaciat ion ilnd weakness (69); genital fonn (30); nervou, fonn 01 [15) and both gCTll1ul .lnd nervous forms of the disease (67). Fifty-four horses with hi gh pCrtenl:lge [lO!.I U\,II)' fOl the mdlrect anllbody ELISA and mneleen horses wllh strong agglullnallun reactlOTlS having end IIIfe of 1.32 for both CA l-r and LATEX tests belonged to the liw of th ... dlffeT1:nl dUlleal group~ ChI-square analysIs of the distributi on of anImals. claSSIfied liS C) tlWf POSIII\ e llr negative 011 Ihe basis ofallthi." three teSts. in the clull eal grou ps demonst rated a stat l<;tltally slgm fi cn nt difference between groups. with stratum specific prevalence of posiuvc ammai<; mcrca!'llllg with IncrcaslIlg severity of clmieal sign .. (p of I SM~1 and Dl:V1 III selected serologically poslI1\·e clinical cases of Cou nnl.' 111 A<;as<;a dl !'llTh:l of the Ar!') hlghl.lIlds A lot.11 of 24 adull 10e:11 horses were divided InlO ~ group, of cq11al number I'CV k\ cl. eos!l1opllll cou nt, body temperature, serological sWt u". unrf\)\emcni of the C'I' tlllg clinical !'Ilgn~ Jnd bod) w ndition ~Cl)rc \\ en: moni tored tWIce m 10 d):" 1I1Ienal fClr a penod til 40 dll) ~ rhe results IIldu:ated that mean ]leV, eosinophil counts and t>"dy Icmperaturl' impw\ ed in both J S\ I~I and D I ~I treated group during the 40 days pOSt tr(';ll meni penod A ~ Ia nsth:,ill ~ significant Increase in PCV and body temperature was observed ~1.lrIlIIg frOlll the day 10 (P kilO .... n ende miC fOCI of the ArSI-Ualc hIghlands of I:thIOPI:l ,\llhough thcre wa~ no d,rect detection of T C'qU/f)('rdllfll, there IS 'mong eVidence Ihal dounne IS highly pre\:llclll, mo,t Important problem LIl the Arsi- llaic hIghlands. where the Slluatlon IS gellorse \\ Llh the preo;cOI spreading trend to areas previously known as free of the disease. neces,"alC~ urgent nallonal controllntcnCnllon