Browsing by Author "Hagos, Seifu (MPH, MSc, PhD)"

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    Assessment of association between Sleep quality and Overweight/Obesity among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-10) Shemsu, Muna; Hagos, Seifu (MPH, MSc, PhD); H/Mariam, Esete (BSc, MPH)
    Background: - Worldwide an estimated 35.8 million (2.3%) of global Disability Adjusted Life Years are caused by overweight and obesity. Emerging evidence suggests that the contribution of factors such as sleep quantity and quality to obesity need to be studied in detail as sleep disturbance could contribute to alterations in energy balance. Yet the majority of the evidence on this topic is from wealthy nations, and remains poorly understood in developing countries including Ethiopia. Objective: - The main aim of this study was to determine the relationship between overweight/obesity and sleep quality among adult population in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: - A community based cross-sectional study was conducted on 575 adults who were residents of Addis Ababa. Multi stage sampling method was employed to select the study participants. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and anthropometric measurements were collected. A validated Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to evaluate sleep quality and physical activity of study participants. Depression was assessed with Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Qualitative Food frequency questionnaire and eating habit questionnaire were used for dietary assessment. Sleep quality was categorized in to poor and good based on global PSQI score. Body mass index was computed using weight and height (Kg/m 2 ). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to see association between sleep quality and other covariates with overweight/obesity. Result: - A total of 548 adults were involved in this study and 161 (29.4%) of them were overweight/obese. A total of 177 (32.3%) respondents had poor sleep quality. After adjusting for multiple factors, we found that sleep quality was associated with being overweight/obese. Specifically, the odds of being overweight/obese were 3.8 times higher among adults with poor sleep quality [AOR 3.83: 95% CI: 2.33- 6.29] than the odds among adults with good sleep quality. Conclusion and recommendation This study documented a considerable prevalence of overweight/obesity and poor sleep quality among adults in Addis Ababa and further showed a significant association between sleep quality and overweight/obesity. Therefore health promotion programs targeting established risk factors for poor sleep quality are needed. In addition to this, improvements in sleep habits should be considered as part of intervention to prevent obesity.
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    Assessment of nutritional status among institutionalized school age orphaned and vulnerable children in selected orphanages in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2018-10) Aderaw, Hanna; Hagos, Seifu (MPH, MSc, PhD)
    Background The nutritional status of young children is one of the sensitive indicators of sudden changes in health status and food availability. Orphans are potentially at greater risk of malnutrition because they are more likely to be extremely poor, receive less medical and social care. This segment of the population seeks immediate support for their survival and growth despite less number of orphanages compared to the magnitude of orphans. Despite the aforementioned nutritional concerns among these children, there exists an inadequate body of information about school age orphans and vulnerable children nutritional status in Ethiopia. Thus the objective of this study was to assess nutritional status and whether duration of institutionalization in the orphanage and illness in the last weeks had an effect on the nutritional status of school age orphan and vulnerable children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa. A representative sample size of 418 school age orphan and vulnerable children were selected to participate in the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Interviewer administered questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used to collect the data. The collected data was entered and processed with Epi data and Anthro plus, to analyze for z scores, and transferred to Statistical package for social science version 22.0 for further analysis. Multivariate analysis was used after setting statistical significance at α= 0.05. Result: A total of 391 school age orphans and vulnerable children took part in the study with a response rate of 93.5 %, of whom 310 (79.2%) were orphaned children. Among the children the prevalence of stunting was 21.5 %, Underweight 12.8 % and low BMI for age was 12 %. The odds of stunting in orphan and vulnerable children increased in those who stayed in the orphanage for greater than 10 years as compared to those who stayed in the orphanage for less than five years (AOR=5.81:95% CI;(2.27-14.8). Presence of illness in the last two weeks was associated with increased odds of low Body mass index for Age z score in orphan and vulnerable children who were ill in the last 2 weeks (AOR=5.01:95% CI;2.53-9.89). Conclusion and recommendation: The proportion of under nutrition was moderate to high in school age orphaned and vulnerable children in the age group of 7-14. Long duration of stay in orphanages and presence of illness in the last two weeks were important predictors of stunting and low BMI for age Z scores respectively. To decrease the proportion of underweight in orphanage institutions and to improve the nutritional status of orphaned and vulnerable children , the orphanage administrations should work in improving the nutritional and health care services given to the orphans during institutionalization.
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    Dietary sodium and potassium intake among adult population of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2018-11) Mitiku, Semira; Hagos, Seifu (MPH, MSc, PhD)
    Background: World health organization recommends approximately a one to one ratio of sodium to potassium intake. However, most populations around the world consume high amount of sodium and low amount of potassium leading to high sodium to potassium ratio, which puts the population at risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In Ethiopia, population potassium intake and body sodium to potassium ratio is unknown. Objective: The main aim of this study was to see the pattern of potassium and sodium intake and to evaluate salt related knowledge, attitude and behavior among Addis Ababa adult population. Method: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 294 individuals aged 20 years and above residing in Addis Ababa. Socio-demographic data and knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding dietary salt were collected. Repeated multiple pass 24-hour dietary recall and random urine were collected to estimate sodium and potassium intake. Nutrient content of diet was calculated using software package Nutrisurvey. Usual intake from the diet recall was determined using national cancer institute (NCI) method. Prevalence of inadequate potassium intake and prevalence of excess sodium intake were compared with recommended values using SAS 9.3 and STATA14 software. Cobas 6000(501) analyser was used for urine electrolyte analysis. Estimated 24 hour electrolyte (Na and K) excretion was calculated from sample urine using INTERSALT and Tanaka formula. Result: Two hundred eighty four participants were included in the study. The mean intake of potassium was 1.9(SD=0.4) g/day and 1.9(SD=0.6) g/day from urine and diet evaluation respectively. The mean intake of sodium was 3.3 (SD=0.7) g/day and 3.0 (SD=0.9) g/day from urine and diet evaluation respectively. The prevalence of inadequate potassium intake was 100% from both dietary assessment and urine analysis. The prevalence of excess intake of sodium to potassium ratio was 90.1%, with a mean intake of 2.5(1.4). Conclusion and Recommendation: We conclude that there is a high prevalence of inadequate potassium intake and an excess intake of sodium leading to a high prevalence of excess sodium to potassium ratio. Salt related knowledge, attitude and behaviour found to be low as many participants were unaware of their high salt intake. Interventions targeting to decrease sodium intake and to increase potassium intake is needed.