Browsing by Author "Hagos, Seifu"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Asseseement of HIV/Aids Related risks among Men Having Sex with Men (MSM) in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2006-06) Hagos, Seifu; H/Mariam, Damen (PhD)
    Background: There is growing evidence that shows the possible role of anal intercourse between the same sex in the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Such generalization is also applicable in African countries where such sexual behavior has become an emergent phenomenon. Objective: To asses the possible role of MSM in the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in Addis Ababa. Methods: An ethnographic study was conducted in different parts of Addis Ababa between January’06- March’06. Snowball sampling method was used to recruit MSM, hot line counselors and victims of anal rape. Four Focus group discussions with MSM, key informant interviews with three counselors as well as with three anal rape victims and observation at bars, streets and tearooms were done. Data on the extent, patterns of sexuality and related issues on MSM were collected and analyzed using open code software and ground theory approach to qualitative data analysis. Results: Contextual factors (socio-cultural and politico legal issues) were found to be the bases of the development of risk behaviors to HIV/AIDS. This contextual factor operates through mediators such as individual behavioral causes and immediate casual factors. Different strategies were explored for possible cross bridging of infection between the subgroup and the other heterosexual community. Conclusions: The practice of MSM is beyond what one would expect in the city and different factors are seen to lead people to get engaged in such sexual behavior. As this practice exposes to HIV/AIDS related risks, it is high time to discuss this issue openly with in the context of current efforts to control the HIV pandemic.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Assessment of Household Food Security and Nutritional Status of Women in the Context of High Food Price in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06) Birhane, Tesfaye; Shiferaw, Solomon; Hagos, Seifu
    Background: Since recently, the world’s economic crisis, mainly the high food price is increasing the number of poor people and aggravating their living conditions. In big urban areas of Ethiopia like Addis Ababa where populations rely on market based household food supply, increasing price of food and nonfood commodities can threaten households’ food security status. In many societies, women bear the brunt of the food price crisis. Thus, it is crucial to generate evidence about the food security of urban households and women’s nutritional status during time of high food price. Objective: To assess households’ food security status and nutritional status of women in the context of high food price in Addis Ababa City Methodology: A community based cross-sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted from January 18 to Feburary14, 2012. A total of 550 households were selected from three sub-cities of Addis Ababa using multi stage sampling technique. Food security status was assessed using Household Food Insecurity Access Score, and weight and height were also measured using standardized weight measuring scale and height measuring board. Data were collected using questionnaire based interview with household heads. Qualitative method using focus group discussion was employed to explore the possible effect of food price on household food security, and people’s perception about food security. Result: This study found that 75% of households were generally food insecure and 23 % were already in hunger state. Reduction in meal size and shifting to poor quality/less expensive food types/ were common coping strategies to high food price used by households. Household income and educational status of household head were significant determinants of food security. Households with higher food insecurity score have lower dietary diversity and are less likely to consume high quality diets. About 12.7% of women in the sample were underweight while 26% were overweight or obese. Being overweight was significantly associated with better dietary diversity of households. Conclusion and Recommendation: The study revealed that about three fourth of households were food insecure which forced them to reduce their meal size and quality with nearly a quarter of households were suffered from hunger. Household food insecurity was common among the low income households and those headed by uneducated, daily wagers and government employed household heads. Beside subsidization of food items at affordable manner, policy makers should work on stabilization of food market, and create opportunities and capacities for households to increase their per capita income
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Dietary Pattern of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Follow Up in Public Hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) T/Michael, Tsedey; Shikur, Bilal(PhD); Hagos, Seifu
    Background Controlled diet plays a major role in delaying diseases progression among diabetes patients. Diabetes patients often have difficulty of identifying the recommended type, quality and quantity of diet. Knowledge of a recommended diet for diabetes patients influences patient’s food selection and dietary pattern .This study aimed to assess the dietary pattern of type 2 diabetes patients in relation to the recommended dietary guideline and identify the patterns with optimal glycemic control. Objective: To assess the dietary pattern and knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on the recommended diet in public hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: The study employed Institutional based cross-sectional study design from July 2015 to June 2016.We used a semi quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) with 67 food items to evaluate the dietary pattern and nutrient intake of type 2 diabetes patients. We identified dietary patterns using factor analysis. The relationship between the dietary patterns and glycemic control was investigated by multivariate regression analysis using STATA version12.1. Result- A total of 385 patients with diabetes were included in the study. Five dietary patterns were identified. The dietary patterns were; (i) the “cereals, vegetable, legumes and fruits”, (ii) the “cereal, meat, vegetable and wine”, (iii) the “fast food” and (iv) the” vegetable and coffee”, (v) the “sweet and dairy product” dietary pattern. Carbohydrate mean intake was higher than the recommended daily allowance while energy is lower but the intake of total fat, protein, and fiber were within the recommended daily allowance. The “cereals, vegetable legumes and fruits”, and the “cereal, meat, vegetable and wine” dietary patterns were positively associated with good glycemic control. Poor dietary knowledge was found in more than half (55.8%) of the patients. Conclusion and recommendation.-Being a member of diabetes association and those who got more advice from a doctor were more likely to follow healthy dietary pattern. Those who follows varied pattern (vegetable, fruit, legumes & cereal) based had good control of glycemia. More than half of the patients had poor dietary knowledge. Integrating dietary education in the management of diabetes mellitus could lead to better outcome. Key words -Type 2 diabetes, dietary pattern, knowledge, semi quantitative FFQ, Factor analysis