Browsing by Author "Guda, Amarech(PhD)"

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    Assessment of prevalence and determinants of needle stick injuries among health professionals in Addis Ababa Public Hospital
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2015-06) Nadew, Daniel; Guda, Amarech(PhD)
    Back ground Needle Stick Injuries resulted from accidental piercing of the skin and/ or muco-cutaneous mem-branes of health profession. It also caused from suturing needles and other sharps used during clinical care. It is an occupational hazard in health care sector. Needle stick injuries expose health care workers to blood and body fluids which may be infected and can be transmited to them. Unsafe injections and procedures, injection over usage, difficult working condition harm-ing and inviting risks to the health care workers. Adequate knowledge and adherence to safety of practices could prevent the occurrence of NSI and related consequences. Objective To assess the prevalence and determinants of needle stick injuries among health professionals in Addis Ababa in selected Public Hospitals. Method A cross-sectional quantitative survey was used. The actual sample size for the study was deter-mined using the formula for single population proportion. A self administered questioner was distributed among health workers in selected hospitals. Data was collected from April to March 2015. The data collected in questionnaire was physically checked and entered in Epi Info version 3.5.3 and transferred to SPSS version 21. The data were analyzed by summarizing, tabulating and presenting in various formats. Result A total of 257 questionnaires were returned giving a response rate of 86.5%. The majority of health professionals by age were between 25 – 30yrs; 138 (53.7%), nurses 150 (58.4%) followed by laboratory staffs 23 %,( 59); the distribution was predominantly females (176) 58%. Most of them (105) 40.9 %,() have 1 to 5 service years. Ninety six 96 (37.4%), had sustained needle stick injury during the one year prior the survey, of which 31(12.1%) admitted experiencing at least one needle stick injury in previous one month. This means that ONE THIRD of health profes-sionals working in public Hospital in Addis Ababa had get injury to NSI in one year duration. 72.4% of the health professionals did recapping, furthermore 38.6% made recapping by two viii hands. Only 29.2% (75) had training on safety injection 90.6% of needle stick cases were got accident secondary to unsafe clinical practices. Independent risk factors for experiencing needle stick injuries including age, sex and departments. Female sex were two times more likely to be injured by NSI than male sex AOR; 2.2 (95% CI, 1.0, 4.1). Health care professional less than 25 yrs of age four times more likely to get injury by NSI than those of age above 40yrs; AOR = 4.0 (95% CI; 1.7, 5.2). Staffs working in maternity unit were 99.1% less probably of having needle stick injury than those working in laboratory unit. AOR =0.09 (955 CI, 0.04, 0.23) KEY WORDS: Needle Sticks Injury, Safe Practice, Unsafe Practice Conclusion and recommendation The survey determined the very important significant association factors to needle stick injury depended on age, working departments, extended working hours and low experiences which di-rectly related skill development. And also over use of injection, unsafe practices and unfavorable environment are factors associated to needle stick injury. Training concentrating on injection safety, guide line on universal precaution and monitoring such implementation is much needed. 1
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    Assessment of Reproductive Health Right Knowledge and Practice among Preparatory School Female Students of Asella Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-05) Tafa, Tigist; Guda, Amarech(PhD); Assegid, Meselech
    Introduction: Reproductive health right (RHR) is the right of couples or every person to decide freely and responsibly on their reproductive conditions and sexuality. Knowledge of those rights is critical to protect school girls from unwanted reproductive outcomes as improving access to reproductive health right is considered as one of the mechanism for achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However majority of young people including female secondary school students in Ethiopia have very little knowledge on youth’s RHR. Objectives: the objective of this study is to assess knowledge and practice of reproductive health right among preparatory school female students of age 18-24 in Asella Town. Methods: School based cross sectional study was conducted among preparatory school regular female students for 2014/15 academic year in Asella town from randomly selected classes of two schools using self-administered questionnaire. EPI info version 6 and SPSS version 21Statistical software, were used to enter and analyze the data .Multivariate analysis was carried out to identify significant association between independent and dependent variables. Result: A total of 403 female students were participated in the study. Seventy percent of the respondents were know about reproductive health rights. Media like TV and Radio were the major sources of information for reproductive health rights. Sixty percent of girls discussed about reproductive issue with their peers. More than 94% of the respondents knew at least one type of contraceptive method, where as its utilization is very low 91.2 inject able was the most known type of contraceptives among respondents. Ninety seven percent of the respondents knew at least one sexually transmitted infection (STI) where HIV was the most reported one. Knowledge of safe time of pregnancy and knowledge of ways of preventing unwanted pregnancy were associated with knowledge of RHR. Marital status, father occupation, discussion on sexual and reproductive issues and having sexual partners were factors affecting practice of reproductive health rights. Conclusions and Recommendations: Knowledge of the students was moderate on reproductive health right which was 70%. Practice of sexual and reproductive health rights was 22.6% among the study participants. Emphasis on more media coverage especially on news papers and leaf lates regarding sexual and reproductive health rights to create more knowledge. Schools should establish clubs to promote sexual and reproductive health issues. Working with community and religious leaders can be use full to disseminate information and parents should have to get information on reproductive health rights should have and open discussion with their children regarding sexual and reproductive health issues
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    Estimating the Cost of Maternal and Child Health Services in Primary Health Care Facilities around Butajira
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2014-10) Youya, Ashrafedin; Guda, Amarech(PhD)
    Background: Reducing maternal and under-five mortality through the use of cost-effective strategies continues to be a challenge, particularly in Ethiopia. There is a paucity of knowledge on the cost of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services in Ethiopia. This poses a challenge in the economic evaluation of these services and inhibits policy makers from making decisions about allocation of resources to improve health care. Providing up -to-date information about the costs of MCH services is therefore crucial. This study analyzed the overall cost of providing MCH services in public primary health care facilities around Butajira. Methods: A cross-sectional was carried out between February and June 2014. Six public primary health care facilities in Meskan district were selected randomly for the study. All maternal and child health-care related costs for the year 2012 Gregorian calendar were collected from the public service provider‘s perspective. The step-down allocation approach recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) was used for the analysis. Results: The total annual cost of operating MCH services in the six primary health care facilities was US$110,182. The total costs attributable to antenatal care (ANC), delivery and postnatal care (PNC) services were US$14,582.7, US$22,324.2 and US$10,089.8 respectively. Medical supplies and personnel accounted for 40 % and 32 % of the total cost respectively. Overall, ANC accounted for 13.2 %, delivery 20.3 % and PNC 9 % of the total cost. Immunization and family planning (FP) comprised 27.0 % and 21.0 % of the total cost. The high costs of immunization and family planning can be attributed to high cost of vaccines and FP methods. The average unit cost was US$ 5.5 per MCH services, ranging from US$ 4.5 per under-five visit to US$ 15.7 per delivery service visit. Conclusion: This study has shown that the unit costs of MCH services provided in the primary health care facilities in a district level can be estimated. It is hoped that this study will provide a basis for further work of a similar nature. The results obtained in studies of this sort will provide useful information on the cost of various services in other primary health care unit setting. Total and unit costs at service delivery points can be used for cost effectiveness analyses of MCH services and projected into the future. Keywords: Total cost, unit cost, Antenatal care, postnatal care, Delivery, immunization and under five.