Browsing by Author "Girma Mesfin"

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    Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding COVID-19 Transmission among Health Care Workers at TASH Operating Theater
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-09) Gesesew Tsegay; Girma Mesfin ; Abate Ananya
    Background: The COVID 19 was announced to be a worldwide pandemic by the WHO on March eleven, 2020. It introduced serious work-related health risks to the HCPs owing to their frequent exposure to infected persons. Protection of HCPs and prevention of intra-hospital transmission ofinfection are important aspects in epidemic response and this requires that HCPs must have updated knowledge regarding the source, transmission, symptoms, and prevention of COVID-19. Having poor knowledge, poor practice and negative attitude toward the disease among HCPs could result in a negative impact in the supportive treatment and, worsen the spread of the pandemic OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this study was to assess Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Covid-19 Transmission among Health Care Workers who work in TASH Operating Theater. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on September 2020 among 261 HCW who were selected by a stratified sampling technique. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 were used as significantly associated with the dependent variable. Result: A total of 261 HCW had participated in the study with a 100% response rate. The majority of the respondents were male (69.7%) with a median age of 30 (range 23-63) years. The mean knowledge score was 81.11 % (i.e. 11.3554 out of 14 with SD=1.52). The mean attitude score was 68 %( i.e. 6.8 out of 10 with SD=1.32) with sixty-five percent point five (65.5%) of the respondents have an overall positive attitude. the occupation was the only variable significantly associated with knowledge and attitude. The total mean practice score is 45.36% (i.e. 4.08 out of 9 SD= 1.6); with no statistically significant heterogeneity across socio-demographic, IP training status, knowledge, and practice. Most (54.8 %) of the respondents scored below the mean (45.36 %) Conclusion: In this study, around half of HCWs have good knowledge and two-third of HCWs have a positive attitude score towards COVID-19 transmission. The total mean practice score and those who scored above the mean are both below 50% which shows having poor practice. The occupation was the only independent variable with a significant association with knowledge and attitude.
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    Magnitude and Associated Risk Factors of Perioperative Pediatrics Laryngospasm During Elective General Surgery Under General Anesthesia in Tikur Anbessa University Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2017-11) Damene Tsigereda; Girma Mesfin
    Background Laryngospasm is usually easily detected and managed, but may present atypically and/or be precipitated by factors which are not immediately recognized. If poorly managed, it has the potential to cause morbidity such as severe hypoxemia, bradycardia, pulmonary aspiration, and post-obstructive pulmonary edema and end up with mortality if not treated. Objectives To assess the magnitude and associated risk factors of perioperative pediatrics laryngospasm during elective general surgery under general anesthesia. Methods Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted on elective pediatrics patients who underwent elective general surgery in Tikur Anebessa University Teaching Hospital from Aug 1, 2017 to Nov1, 2017. Result: From the 68 (21.8%) laryngospasm events identified as cases, during induction 38(12.2%), maintenance 14(4.5%) and emergence 16(5.1%). About 40(12.8) % were precipitated by direct airway stimulations and 19(6.1%) by light plain of anesthesia. Desaturation occurred in 39 (12.4%) of cases, bradycardia in 16 (5.1%), pulmonary aspiration 11(3.5) and negative pressure pulmonary edema 2 (0.6) of case. There is statistical association between status of the providers with the incident of laryngospasm (p-value 0.025). 39 (12.4%) of cases were managed by administration of 100% oxygen with positive pressure or continuous positive airway pressure, deepen anesthesia 17(5.4%), removal of stimuli 11(3.5%) and only 1 (0.3%) case was treated with intravenous succinylcholine with absence of response for other management options. There was no statistical significance with type of airway management devices used with the occurrence of laryngospasm. Conclusions: laryngospasm is mainly associated with airway manipulation and light anesthesia.
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    Mineralogical and Geochemical Studies on the Sakaro Primary Gold Deposit (Sidamo, Southern Ethiopia): Zonation in Ore Bodies and Host Rocks
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 1993-06) Girma Mesfin; A.Sliouniaev Anatoli (PhD)
    The Sakaro deposit is a vein-type fault-hosted gold deposit in the Adola area, southern Ethiopia. It is composed of quartz veins up to 9.3 m wide which occupy fault planes along foliation and petrographic contacts in precambrian low-grade metamorphic rocks. The veins are gold-rich and sulfidepoor, forming a mineralized zone of 760 m in strike length and up to at least 150 m in vertical extent. Veins Nos. 1 and 2 are the richest shoots with an estimated total ore reserves of 760,800 tons capable of producing 2,551 kg of gold at an average grade of 3.4 gft and 5.7 gft respectively. Geochemical and mineralogical studies of the ores and the host rocks reveal that the Sakaro deposit might include tungsten other than gold as a potential exploration target. Tungsten minerqlization is the earliest to be formed. Tungsten content increases up to >1% in the ore veins and in the wall rocks (mainly in amphibolites proximal to the veins), forming a distinct zone that assumes W-As-Cu, a geochemical zone or wolframite-scheelite-iron sulfides zone, a mineralogical zone. Gold is mostly associated with Ag and Pb, showing asymmetrical dispersion pattern that starts in the hanging wall side of the vein and decays towards the foot wall rocks. Its tight relation with Ag and Pb is expressed by forming a Au-Ag-Pb zone though it is also related at a lesser degree "dth other elements especially with Cu. Outward from this zone, Ag-Pbcu, W-As-Cu, and Fe-Co-Ni-Mo-Cu follow in respective distances from the ore veins toward enclosing rocks. Gold distribution in the are veins is controlled by thickness variation of the quartz fillings in both strike and dip directions, poor in swells and rich in constrictions. In the plane of the main vein, five are columns are identified with marked contrast in gold mineralization: (1) obliquely running I EW dipping gold rich zone I (2) northerly trending, vertically dipping gold rich zone, (3) intermediate low gold zone, (4) oxidation zone, and (5) surficial weathering zone. The first two zones are ore shoots representing the fronts of gold depositing mineralizing fluids. Gold contents follow a systematic pattern of more or less regular course within and away from these fronts which otherwise are perceived as very irregular and erratic distributions. loloreover, statistical treatment on the metal content shows that gold distributions in populations separated according to the rock types and environments obey lognormal law, with mean values highest in ore veins, less in amphibolites, and least in mica schists. studies on the vein development reveal three distinct types of hypogene mineralization from veins margins to the center, of marcasite + chalcopyrite in the peripheral parts, galena + chalcopyrite + marcasite in the following portion, and sphalerite + high galena + chalcopyrite in the central part. Gold is present in all of the above associations, however, it is highly enriched in sphalerite-high galena-chalcopyrite zone, followed by hanging wall side marcasite-chalcopyrite zone, and least in foot wall side marcasitechalcopyrite zone. The gold enrichment in sphalerite-high galena-chalcopyrite zone indicates the close association of Au, Ag, Pb, Cu and Zn. The selective enrichment of gold in the hanging ''1all side (marcasite-chalcopyrite) zone is most likely due to intense shear remobilization effects. The veins display a crude ascending mineral sequence, from depth to the surface, of pyrrhotite, gold + galena + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + iron sulfides (productive zone) I and marcasite. A descending sequence in the zone of weathering ShO"'S that Fe-hydroxides and Fe-disulfides grade downward where gold is enriched "lith secondary minerals of Pb, Cu, Zn. In the enclosing rocks, wolframite + scheelite + Fe-sulfides form a zone adjacent to the are veins and marcasite + pyrrhotite + chalcopyrite in distal areas. These zones are in agreement with geochemical zones W-As-Cu and Fe-Co-Ni-Mo-Cu respectively.Disulfidization process of iron monosulfides increases in the upper levels of the deposit alld is more intense at the vein margins especially in the hanging wall side of the ore veins due to shearing which is also responsible for recrystallization of quartz at the vein selvages. The vein mineralogy shows as the vein development is the result of multiple episodes of vein opening and filling characterized by wolframitescheelite- quartz, sulfide-gold-quartz and disulfide-carbonate stages. statistical parameters of distribution of the components, ore geochemistry, peculiarities of horizontal (along the strike and across the thickness) I vertical and three dimensional geochemical and mineralogical zonation of the mineralized rocks and the general sequence of formation of minerals in ores of the saka·ro deposit considered and proved in the thesis are the features of its genetic model. These features are also of practical importance for are blending and further improvements of are dressing technological schemes. They are of value and use in prospecting for similar mineral deposits in the region and their successful exploration.
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    A Study on Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery on Health Care Professionals at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2021.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-11) Ashagrie, Getu; Girma Mesfin; Tadesse Mahlet
    Abstract Introduction : ERAS ,first introduced in 2005 is a combination of various perioperative patient care methods based on a multimodal approach that integrates evidence based interventions to reduce surgical stress ,maintain post operative physiological function and accelerate recovery in patients undergoing major surgery, GI surgery ,Urological surgery ,Orthopedic surgery ,Gynecologic surgery ,thoracic and breast surgery. Objective: To assess Knowledge attitude and practice of ERAS on HCPs at TASH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia during data collection time. Methodology: Institutional based quantitative cross sectional prospective observational study was employed .Anesthetists, Anesthesiologists, Surgeons, Surgical residents, Anesthesiology residents and nurses working at TASH surgical wards and OR during data collection period were included. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 statistical software. Results of the Study: Almost all ACCPM has good knowledge (90.7%) on ERAS Protocols; on the other hand, only 21 % of nurses have good knowledge. Most of ACCPM (85%) and surgical team (83%) have good attitude about ERAS. On the contrary, only 15% of nurses have a positive attitude about ERAS. Study participants with work experience of 1-5 years have the highest proportion of participants with positive attitude. The majority of ACCPM (70%) and surgical team (58%) have good practice of ERAS. However, only 36% of nurses have good practice about ERAS. Study participants with work experience of 1-5 years have the highest proportion of participants with good practice. Conclusion: Based on these findings more than half of study participants have good knowledge, positive attitude and good practice of ERAS protocol. However, nurses have shown the lowest score in knowledge attitude and practice of ERAS. Recommendation Clinicians should implement the ERAS protocol appropriately. In addition, training and continuous professional development activities on ERAS protocol should be designed and implemented particularly targeting those with work experience of greater than five years and nurses. Moreover, a multidisciplinary group approach should be taken when implementing the ERAS protocol to facilitate effectiveness and learning environment for those that didn’t achieve optimal knowledge attitude and practice of ERAS protocol.
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    Work Related Stress and Associated Factors among Anesthesiologists Working in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-10) Tesfaye Gosa; Girma Mesfin
    Background and Aims: Work related stress is common among medical caregivers and concerns all preoperative care providers.Although anesthesiologists are known to experience stress, there is no data in Ethiopia addressing this issue. This survey was Conducted among anesthesiologists working in Ethiopia to determine their awareness about work stress, associated factors and views regarding prevention programs.Material and Methods: A survey questionnaire was distributed to Anesthesiologist working in Ethiopia. The questionnaire had seven questions on sociodemography, ten on the work pattern, six on work related stress, thirteen on opinion Regarding the need and willingness to participate in stress related programs. Results: Twenty seven participants responds from a total of twenty nine participant which makes a response rate of 93.11%. Seventy four percent were working in teaching hospital, ninety two percent were working in Addis Ababa and sixty six percent of participant were practicing as anesthesiologist for less than nine years.Among participant 44.4% rated their stress as large(extreme amount) while 55.6 % rated as moderate.There was a significant correlation between the amount of stress and age of participant(P=0.021), sex of participant (P < 0.001),years of practice as anesthesiology(P = 0.036), type of employment (P = 0.047),working pertime in other hospital(p<0.001),involvement in training of juiners(p=0.032) and administrative problems in working place(p=0.022). Only 3.7% was very satisfied and fifty five percent were somewhat satisfied professionally. Ninenty‑six percent of respondents agreed that the questionnaire had made them think about work stress. Forty percent of participant were aware of all details about burnout and eighty five participants were agreed to take part in screening for burnout. Conclusion: Near half of participants rated their stress as extreme and was higher in female anesthesiologists, anesthesiologists working per time in other hospital, those involved in training of their juiners and those had frequent administrative problems at working place.Most of participants felt the survey made them think about work related stress and expressed their interests to participate in stress management programs.