Browsing by Author "Girma, Melaku"

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    Applicability of Data Mining Techniques to Customer Relationship Management (Crm): The case of Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation's (ETC) Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Telephone Service
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-01) Girma, Melaku; Meshesha, Million (PhD)
    in this research the applicability of clustering and classification techniques of data mining on CRM the case of COMA telephone service of ETC have been explored within the framework of CR[SPOM model. The COMA COR data along with billing information and the customers' profiles are collected, cleansed, transform ed and integrated for experiment renting with the clustering models. The final datasets consists of [0,090 records on which different clustering models at K values o f 6, S, and 4 with different seed values have been experimented and evaluated against their performances. Hence, the cluster model at K value of 6 has shown a better performance. Consequently, its output is used as an input for the decision tree and ANN c lass ifi cation models. First the different classification models with J48 decision tree algorithm are experiment en ted with the IO-fold cross validation, and splitting the datasets o 80 % training an d 20 % testing, techniques by setting the cluster ind ex formed by the cluster model as dependent variable and the rest as independent variables. Among these models model that showplace ossification accuracy of 98.97% is selected . Similarly, different classification models of multilayered ptron ANN algorithm are carried out by Chang in g its hidden layer number of nodes a learning's rate parameters' value. A model with a classification accuracy of 98.62 % is chosen. Finally a comparison o f decision tree and ANN mo de ls in terms of the overall class unification accuracy, accuracy In classifying hi g h value customers, and accuracy in c lass glowing value customers ha ve been undertaken. Hence, the decision tree model has excelled in th ese evalu ation parameters and therefore selected as the best classifier for CRM applications. The result of this research is really encouraging as very high class if ication accuracy has been obtained. Besides, hi precede vision and recall in c lass unifying high and low value customers correctly have been achieved.
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    An Investigation Into The Integration of Environmental Education Into Social Studies Course in Some Selected Teacher Training Institutes (T.T.Is) of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa Univerisity, 1994-06) Girma, Melaku; Ghedai, Abebe (PhD)
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the integration of environmental education into social studies course in the T. T. Is, through examining the trainees' environmental education competencies which involve changes in knowledge, attitudes and skills. To achieve the objectives of the study 321 trainees from four T.T.Is were randomly selected. In addition to this, the instructors of the course and the teaching materials were considered as sources of additional data. A 10-page questionnaire, which included: the test, attitude inventory and rating scale, was administered. The syllabus and the textbook of the course were analyzed and interviews with the instructors were conducted. The data collected were statistically treated. The results suggested that the course seems to have some elements of environmental education, even though they do not measure up to the objectives and standards of the present day environmental education program. The slight majority of the trainees displayed mastery of environmental knowledge as far as the test results are concerned. However, when seen from different directions it is found to be premature to generalize that the trainees have foundational competency in environmental knowledge. Even though the available information and findings alone are not comprehensive to provide conclusive results, the trainees' attitudes toward environmental problems, environmental education and environment in general found to be highly desirable. Regarding environmental skills the trainees appeared to have a minimum competency in environmental action skills. In all the three cases statistically significant differences were observed among the T. T. Is considered. Relatively positive significant relationships were obtained between the trainees' environmental knowledge and environmental attitudes. On the other hand, between the trainees' environmental knowledge and environmental skills and between the trainees' environmental attitudes and environmental skills no clear systematic correlations were obtained. Many constraints and difficulties were reported concerning the integration of environmental topics and activities into the course. In general a very modest and uncoordinated teacher training effort in the area of environmental education seemed to be the rule at every institute studied in this inventory. The practical implications of these findings to the development of environmental education in the course specifically, and in the other courses in general are indicated.
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    An Investigation Into the Integration of Environmental Education Into Social Studies Course in Some Selected Teacher Training Institutes (T.T.Is) Of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 1994-06) Girma, Melaku; Ghedai, Abebe (PhD)
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the integration of environmental education into social studies course in the T. T. Is, through examining the trainees' environmental education competencies which involve changes in knowledge, attitudes and skills. To achieve the objectives of the study 321 trainees from four T.T.Is were randomly selected. In addition to this, the instructors of the course and the teaching materials were considered as sources of additional data. A 10-page questionnaire, which included: the test, attitude inventory and rating scale, was administered. The syllabus and the textbook of the course were analyzed and interviews with the instructors were conducted. The data collected were statistically treated. The results suggested that the course seems to have some elements of environmental education, even though they do not measure up to the objectives and standards of the present day environmental education program. The slight majority of the trainees displayed mastery of environmental knowledge as far as the test results are concerned. However, when seen from different directions it is found to be premature to generalize that the trainees have foundational competency in environmental knowledge. Even though the available information and findings alone are not comprehensive to provide conclusive results, the trainees' attitudes toward environmental problems, environmental education and environment in general found to be highly desirable. Regarding environmental skills the trainees appeared to have a minimum competency in environmental action skills. In all the three cases statistically significant differences were observed among the T. T. Is considered. Relatively positive significant relationships were obtained between the trainees' environmental knowledge and environmental attitudes. On the other hand, between the trainees' environmental knowledge and environmental skills and between the trainees' environmental attitudes and environmental skills no clear systematic correlations were obtained. Many constraints and difficulties were reported concerning the integration of environmental topics and activities into the course. In general a very modest and uncoordinated teacher training effort in the area of environmental education seemed to be the rule at every institute studied in this inventory. The practical implications of these findings to the development of environmental education in the course specifically, and in the other courses in general are indicated
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    Retrieval from Real-life Amharic Document Images
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06) Asnake, Biniam; Girma, Melaku; Meshesha, Million
    Bulk of real life documents contain vital information and knowledge about history, culture, economy, politics, religion and science that are available in written form in Ethiopic script. This knowledge ought to be shared and the advancement of technology and research in Information Retrieval (IR), Artificial Intelligence (AI) and related fields bring the need to digitize documents and make it available for public use. The two major approaches of retrieving information from document images are recognition-based (optical character recognition /OCR/) and recognition-free (document image retrieval without explicit recognition /DIR/). The first approach is a long term process, error-prone and registers minimized performance for noisy documents, where as document image retrieval without explicit recognition is the preferred one. A few researches have been conducted to develop a recognition-free document image retrieval system that extracts information from document images relying on image features only. These systems are highly affected by noise in real life documents which results from paper aging, folding, scanning and printing errors. In this study, an attempt is made to integrate effective noise reduction and thresholding techniques to enhance the effectiveness of the system in searching within real-life document images. This study also improves the online searching process of the system by accepting multiple query terms then retrieving documents in recall-oriented manner and achieve 77.33% F-measure. A combination of three noise reduction techniques: median, adaptive median and wiener filters, and three thresholding techniques: Otsu’s, Niblack’s and Sauvola’s techniques are experimented in printed real-life documents plagued by low, medium, high and very high noise. Performance analysis shows that the best performing combination of denoising and thresholding techniques are wiener filtering and Otsu thresholding. Finally, the performance of the system is evaluated before and after the integration of the selected preprocessing techniques in which an average overall performance of 82.37% F-measure is registered in documents having low, medium, high and very high levels of noise. The major challenge is segmentation error where the current system either considers multiple separate words as one because of noise or a single word as multiple words when the noise is removed and the space between characters of a single word is large enough to be a word (segmentation threshold value) by the segmentation algorithm.