Browsing by Author "Gebre, Eshetu"

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    The Impact of Budget Deficit and Aid on Economic Growth in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-02) Gebre, Eshetu; Debebe, Sisay (PhD)
    The study provides empirical results to investigate the relationship between budget deficit, aid and economic in Ethiopia. Specifically the existence of the relationship between budget deficit, aid and economic growth in the country was tested with secondary time series data starting from 1990/91 to 2018/2019. Data from National bank of Ethiopia, ministry of finance and economic development and world development indicators collected through organizations' database and through letter requesting the same was used to conduct the study. VAR (vector Auto regressive approach) and vector error correction model (VECM) approach was used to investigate the relationship between budget deficit and economic growth while Harrod-Domer to investigate the relationship between aid and growth. The major findings of the study were positive relationship between budget deficit and economic growth both in the short run and long runs which supports Keynesians theory. However, aid has positive relationship with economic growth in the short run and negative impact in the long run. According to the VECM result a percentage change in aid results in 0.18% decrement of economic growth and a percentage change in budget deficit results in 0.16% increment of economic growth other variables being constant. The study suggests the increase of revenue by broadening tax base through establishing pragmatic system and expend on prioritized productive sectors like health, education, infrastructure sectors such as power, telecom, roads etc., so that it will enhance the return of both human capital and physical capital, which will go a long way in increasing the national income. Keywords: Budget Deficit, Aid, Economic Growth, GDP, Ethiopia, VAR, VECM
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    Remote Sensing and Gis Based Characterization of Agriculturral Drought Conditions in North Wollo Zone Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2017-01) Gebre, Eshetu; Berhan, Getachew (PhD)
    Drought is the most complex but least understood of all natural hazards. Major food production in Ethiopia, especially in the Amhara Region, North Wollo Zone, is almost fully dependent on rain-fed agriculture and the area is often hit by periodic droughts. This drought causes serious economic, social, food security and environmental problems. Arid climatic conditions in North Wollo Zone are characterized by erratic rainfall and successive drought years together with high rate of moisture deficiency has adversely affected the agricultural production levels. Thereby increases drought risk. In this study, the Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), were applied to characterize the agricultural drought conditions in North Wollo Zone from 2000 to 2015. Correlation analysis was performed between NDVI and SPEI, rainfall and NDVI, VCI and rainfall and NDVI and Crop Yield Anomaly and SPEI and Crop Yield Anomaly. SPEI values were interpolated to get the spatial pattern of meteorological based drought. Ground based crop yield data was used to evaluate the drought monitoring index. Finally, the combined drought severity map was generated by overlaying the agricultural and meteorological drought severity maps. The results showed that there was good correlation between rainfall and NDVI (r=0.71), VCI and Rainfall (r = 0.77), NDVI and SPEI (r=0.82) and NDVI and Crop Yield anomaly, (r=0.78) and SPEI and Crop Yield Anomaly (r=8.3). Analysis result of Spatial pattern of long term seasonal average rainfall and NDVI from 2000 to 2015 years, showed that there was a large variation during the main cropping season and the corresponding NDV1 values was also almost similar. The minimum and maximum rainfall observed during this period was found to be 250 to 599 mm where it indicates a large variation in distribution of rainfall in all the weather stations. This might be the effect of altitude among other factors. The drought severity was analyzed from 2000 to 2015 based on satellite and climate data. The two years 2005 and 2015 were considered as drought years and 2009 and 2013 were taken as slight-drought years. The extent of drought severity was increased by increasing time scale. The combined risk map showed that approximately 5% of the area has slight risk, 42.5 % of the area faced by very severe risk, 19.5 % of the area considered as moderate risk and 33 % area face severe risk within the study area. It can be seen severe drought year from 2000 to 2015 because it has received low rainfall at 2005 and 2015. Hence, it is concluded that, the study area was affected by severe drought in year 2005 and 2015 and slight drought in 2009 and 2013 and the drought monitoring indices results almost similar with ground truth data result of crop yield. Drought from socioeconomic aspect has not been studied. Besides, delineating areas under drought risk relevancy of risk assessment can be made more meaningful when the human population as well as livestock population under risk will be assessed. Therefore, it is recommended to include the socio-economic data to better understand the vulnerability factors. Keywords: Agricultural drought, Meteorological drought, SPOT, NDVI and SPEI
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    Teachers' Awareness, Attitude and Practices of Education For Diversity: The Case of Wereha Yekatit Primary School
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-04) Gebre, Eshetu; Kenea, Ambissa (PhD)
    The purpose oflhis slud)' \I'as 10 invesligale leachers' awareness, al/iludes Gnd praclices 10 wards educalionfor dil'ersily; for Ihis dala was collecledfi'oll1 Wereha Yekalil governmenl primC/ly school from Ihe principal, leachers and sludenls Ihrough in-deplh il1lel1Jiews, focl/s group disclIssion and observations. DOCllmental)' sources which were com;;dered relevant were also analyzed. Parlicipanls jor Ihe plllpose of inlervie\\' were .I·e!ecled based on Iheir \I'illingness. coaperalioll. academic pel./ormance. responsibilily, and qualiJicalion Parlicipanls i.e. Ihe school's principal and Iwelve leachers were inlerviewed. focus group discussion were condUCled wilh jive sludenl parlicipanls. The jindings disclosed Ihal leacher's awareness 10\l'ards educalion jor diversily was encouraging The sludy revealed Ihal leachers have good underslanding of sludenl 's diversily in lerms of cullUre, gender. economic sIal us. language and exceplionalily bill, have reservalionloll'ards expressing aboul religion (/nd ethnici!y. The reasons for this reservaliol1 were, accepting of religion and elhnicily issue as having Ihe pOlel1lial 10 fragmenl Ihe social cohesion and secularilY 0/ schools. The relalionship belween leachers and sludenls lverefollnd 10 be good Fllrlhel'lnore leachers have desirable al/ilude 100vards educalion for diversily from muilicullllral perspeclive. Inspile of Ihis, leachers praclice 10 presel1llhe lessons from Ihe poinlS of view 0/ diverse groups, Ihe lechniques of leaching, Iheir use of leaching aids, Irealing abililY groups, aggregaling records based on diversily and ejJorls 10 creale posilive relalionship among sludenls of diverse cullure from muilicuilllrai perspeclive were nol as adequale as il should be. Possible solulions usefid 10 change Ihe effecls of Ihe observed SIC/Ie a/affairs have been proposed.