Browsing by Author "Eshetu, Gizaw"

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    Bikeway Compatibility and Implementation Study on Selected Routes of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-12) Eshetu, Gizaw; Teklu, Bikila (PhD)
    Studying suitability and ways of implementation of bikeway for transportation infrastructures found on selected Addis Ababa routes are the main underlying reasons behind why this research is conducted. The degree of these infrastructures ability to accommodate cycle facilities are identified and ways of implementing or providing the cycle facilities to the infrastructures are discussed. To do these, assessment of different countries practice of bikeway provision methods for road segments, junctions and bridges, and ways of checking the suitability of these infrastructures to bikeways; identification of best methods and approaches based on the assessments made; and implementation study of bikeway to the infrastructures found on the selected routes based on identified best methods and approaches are done. The analysis results show that almost all studied routes are moderately compatible and topographically suitable for bikeways, but some are more compatible and bikeable than the other. Routes selected from Addis Ababa‟s East-West are found to be more flat and bikeable than routes selected from North-South of Addis Ababa, and again routes selected from the newly developed areas, which are found at the outskirts of Addis Ababa, are found to be more bikeable than routes selected from the city centers
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    Detection and Characterization of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Stool of HIV Sero-Positive Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-03) Eshetu, Gizaw; Mihret, Adane(PhD); Abebe, Tamrat(PhD); Ameni, Gobena(PhD)
    Background: Tuberculosis (TB) in Africa is increasing because of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic, and in HIV ⁄ AIDS patients, it presents atypically. Smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is more common in HIV-infected patients and leads to diagnostic delay, which increases morbidity and mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). Objective: To detect and characterize Mycobacterium tuberculosis in stool of HIV sero-positive patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. Method: Institutional based cross-sectional study of PTB diagnosis among PLHIV from stool sample was carried out from January 2014 – July 2014. During the data collection period, a total of 117 PLHIV suspected to be suffering from PTB was recruited. Microscopic examination, culture, and PCR were performed to detect and characterize M. tuberculosis. The presence of M. tuberculosis was compared in sputum and stool samples simultaneously collected from patients suspected for pulmonary tuberculosis. Data was entered and cleared using EpiData version 3.1, then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Results: Of the 117 patients suspected of having PTB, 33 (28.2%) were sputum culture positive. Of these, 10 (30.3%) were sputum and stool culture positive for M. tuberculosis. Of the 84 sputum, culture negative cases, three (3.6%) were stool culture positive with measure of agreement 0.328. Eleven of 117(9.4%) patients were positive by sputum smear. Of 11 (9.4%) sputum, smear positive, three (27.3%) were both sputum and stool smear positive for M. tuberculosis. Of the 106-sputum smear negative, stool smear permitted the diagnosis of one (1%) PTB patient though the sensitivity (12.1%) was very low and kappa value of 0.18. As compared to sputum culture, the sensitivity of stool PCR was 69.7% with substantial agreement 0.67. Sputum PCR detected additional 4/81 (4.9%) from the bacteriologically negative PTB patients. We did spoligotyping and T family (43.5%), family 33 (41.3%), CAS family (4.3%), H family (4.3%), H37Rv family (4.3%) and Beijing family (2.2%) were isolated. Conclusion: M. tuberculosis was detected in stool of PLHIV. Hence, examination stool sample along with sputum sample increases diagnoses of PTB in PLHIV
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    The Impacts of Farmers Training Centers in Enhancing the Livelihoods of Rural Farmers; The Case of Kutcha Wereda, Snnp Regional States
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Eshetu, Gizaw; Fufa, Desalegne (PhD)
    The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of FTCs in enhancing the livelihood of Kutcha wereda farmers in the use of modern technologies, improved seeds, saving and becoming a member of cooperative, keeping their health and hygiene and in the change of their attitude. Descriptive survey method was used in the study. In this study quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were employed. Both primary and secondary data sources were used. The samples were selected using stratified random sampling method. The techniques of data collection for the study were focus group discussion which was prepared for farmers found in three selected FTCs in the Woreda. The questionnaires were distributed for trained farmers, Development agents, and kebele Administrators. Interview was used to collect data from subject matter specialists (SMSs) and wereda Finance and economic development office. The result of the study showed that the training provided in FTCs helped the farmers to enhance their livelihood by changing their attitude, enabled them to use modern technologies to increase productivity, keep their health and hygiene, for saving, and engaging in cooperatives. In the farmers training centers participation of women is very low. There is lack of some materials in FTCs to learn best practices and shortage of experimental places. Based on the above findings and conclusions the following recommendations are forwarded. To achieve the objectives of enhancing the livelihood of farmers effectively the training should be supported by practice and there is a need to assign adequate number of DAs. The FTC training access should consider gender equality. Awareness creation has to be made for the farmers about the relevance and effectiveness of farmers training at FTCs in different aspects to participate more farmers result to enhance their livelihoods. Key words: Farmer Training Centers, Livelihood, Enhancement.