Browsing by Author "Dessalegn, Kiyya"

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    Correlation Between Morphology, Cytochemistry, and Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Acute Leukemia at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018: a Prospective Cross-Sectional Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-03) Dessalegn, Kiyya; Ergete, Wondwossen (MD, Pathologist)
    Background: Leukemia is a group of disorders characterized by the accumulation of abnormal white cells in the bone marrow. The main classification of leukemia is into acute and chronic leukemia. The diagnosis of leukemia has moved from evaluation of morphology and cytochemistry to assessment by modern methods such as immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular characterization. Objective: To analyze the correlation between morphology, cytochemistry, and flow cytometry in the diagnosis of acute leukemia. Method: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to March 2018 in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and convenient sampling method was used. A total of 40 study participants were diagnosed with acute leukemia based on morphology. Cytochemistry was performed using Sudan Black B and Periodic Acid Schiff. Flow cytometry employing primary and secondary antibodies was performed using FACS Calibur (Becton Dickinson). Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Frequencies were calculated for socio-demographic data and for the morphologic and flow cytometry results. Cross tab was used to measure the association between morphology and cytochemistry and between morphology and flow cytometry and between cytochemistry and flow cytometry. Kappa value was calculated to show the measure of agreement between flow cytometry and morphology. The significant level was based on the p-value of less than 0.05. Results: Based on BM morphology, 15(37.5%) of the 40 cases were classified as ALL and 21 (52.5%) as AML while 4(10%) cases remained unclassified. Based on Flow cytometry, 14(35%) were classified as ALL, 25(62.5%) as AML and 1(2.5%) case was classified as Bi-lineage. Out of 15 ALL cases which were detected by morphology, 2(13.3%) cases showed PAS reactivity and 8(53.3%) showed SBB positivity. Out of 21 AML confirmed cases based on morphology, 19(90.5%) were positive for SBB. Out of four unclassified cases, three cases (75%) were SBB positive. Conclusion: FCA and cytochemistry helped in classifying the unclassifiable cases based on morphology. FCA helped in lineage assignment particularly in ALLs. It is important to use morphology, cytochemistry, and FCA together in classifying acute leukemia as it greatly influences the treatment and the prognosis.