Browsing by Author "Demeke, Mulat (Dr.)"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Determinants of Rural Poverty in an Agro-Pastoral System in Gambella with Special Reference to Jiokow District
    (A.A.U, 2001-06) Ruey, Chuol; Demeke, Mulat (Dr.)
    Addressing the issue of rural poverty in agro-pastoral areas of Nuer should be at the heart of any development strategy for Gambella region. The main objectives are: ( I) to measure the level of poverty, (2) to single out major determinants of poverty in an agro-pastoralists areas and (3) to point out some possible measures that need to be taken in order to alleviate poverty in the areas. The empirical findings also show that land size, total livestock owned ( TLU), income ratio ( IRA TO), sex, number of women married to a man, hunting and fishing practices significantly explain household poverty. The major policy recommendations in alleviating poverty in rural jiokow are to improve the quality of land through micro-irrigation schemes and promote management of conflict related to land issues, upgrade the productivity of local cows through crossbreeding schemes and veterinary compaign, and making a policy for gender equality by increasing the economic value of women's work through skill training for productive, profitable employment and through increased women's access to credit and technology.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Determinants of Household Decision to Adopt Fuel Efficient Technology: Evidence from Improved ("MIRT") Stove Technology a Case in Adea Woreda, East Shoa Zone
    (A.A.U, 2007-03) Woubishet, Dawit; Demeke, Mulat (Dr.)
    Energy is vital for economic development for both developed and developing countries. The need for energy in developed nations is a question of comfort but for developing nations it is a question of survival and poverty. The needs' for energy in developing countries meet from biomass resource. these resources are heavily utilized and it has adverse effect on the environment and natural resource. And it is directly used by inefficient stoves; this direct burning of biomass has impact on the health of the poor (especially women and children) , income, household environment and resource Improvement was made but success of many interventions in dissemination of efficient improved stoves in both rural and urban settings are not successful due to top down and supply nature of the programs, technology centered and lack (if compatibility with the beneficiary groups. Therefore, those factors indicate the need for existing research to start from the target group not on the technology. The main objective of this study is to analyze the determinant factors that affect household decision to adopt fuel efficient improved stove technology and to acquire information about the technology. Evidence taken from improved (‘Mirt ") stove technology in Adea" wereda, both in rural and urban settings. The study take in to consideration the socioeconomic, demographic, dwelling characteristic, information diffusion and attitudinal variables of the households in the study area. The increasing scarcity of biomass and the increment of the number of people who use biomass, particularly fire wood, threaten the capability of the country even to maintain the already existing low income and living standard (if the people. therefore, the need for adopting improved ‘mirt" stove not only enables the households to use fuel efficiently, but also enable them to curb the problems caused by using traditional and open fire stoves as well as biomass energy related problems. [I can also mitigate the impacts on the users' health. and the overall environment and natural resources brought by using those traditional and open fire stoves. With two conditional equations, that is information and adoption equation. This study result reveals that improvement in socio economic conditions of the people have positive impact in acquisition and access information in urban and rural households. Moreover, the result supports the "energy Ladder" hypothesis as theoretical and functional useful framework to explain the fuel use and improved technology adoption in the study area. The finding also reveals socioeconomic improvements also have direct and Significant impact on adoption decision. This .finding also reinforce the role of government and non government organization to playa major role in provision and diffusion of information and enhal1ce the adoption decision of the people to protect the country natural resource and to resolve environmental problems that arise du e to excessive utilization (if biomass resources.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Government Support and Export: a Did Approach
    (A.A.U, 2008-06) Regassa, Eyerusalem; Demeke, Mulat (Dr.)
    The government of Ethiopia have been trying to create a good environment for investors and exporters of non-traditional product by providing different export and investment incentives . Among these are the Export Trade Duty Incentives and Export Credit Guarantee Scheme. This study investigates the impact of these schemes on export. A Difference -in-Difference methodology was used to estimate effects of the two export incentives adopted in Ethiopia. With data for individual exporters of the year 2000 and 2002, the DID estimation shows significant impact of export incentives on export .But this should not be over emphasised ,one has to look at the costs for the government either in terms of foreign exchange or opportunity cost of the funds to the country . The government have been providing substantial amount of support to exporter up on their demand to hit the intended target with out no cross checking of whether the subsidy have been used properly or not as long as the firm export the targeted amount. Hence thinking of what this funds could do in other sector or areas of investment. As well thinking of how little variation of export is explained by subsidy as it shown in the DID methodology. The government should consider the cost of subsidy hand in hand with the gain from this subsidy.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Impact of Soil Conservation on Crop Productivity in the Southern Ethiopian Highlands.
    (A.A.U, 2007-03) Teshale, Dawit; Demeke, Mulat (Dr.)
    Land degradation, especially soil erosion, nutrient depletion and soil moisture stress are severe problems in Ethiopia. Land management, therefore, becomes a key problem area in addressing land degradation and achieving sustainable agricultural development in the country. This research gives emphasis to identify the determinant factors of Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) adoption. In addition, the impact of SWC on crop productivity is also addressed .The study is based on a primary data collected at plot level from 151 randomly selected households operating on 331 plots in Damot Gali Woreda. The binary probit approach is used for the analysis of the adoption decision, and a separate OLS regression is run based on a chow test to assess the impact of SWC on crop productivity for both sub samples. Heckman approach is also part of the analysis. Variables such as sex, age, access to credit, livestock ownership, distance to town market, slope and soil fertility were found to have a statistical significant impact on the adoption model. Moreover, agricultural inputs application (fertilizer & seed), sex of the household head and soil water conservation have a positive impact on crop productivity. The predicted mean yield difference also shows the positive impact of SWC on crop productivity.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Macroeconomic Policies and the Agricultural Sector in the Sudan, with Specific Reference to the Export Sub-Sector (1970-1995)
    (A.A.U, 1996-06) Ahmed, Fatima; Demeke, Mulat (Dr.)
    This paper seeks to address the effect of government intervention on the agricultural sector with particular reference to the export sub-sector at the aggregate and crop levels in the Sudan. In the study 5 major export crops were examined. The intervention was analyzed through sector specific and macroeconomic policies. From the analyses it was quite evident that agricultural exports have been taxed directly through trade policies, export regulations, price and market controls; and indirectly through unfavorable exchange rates on export and import tariffs and quotas on non-agricultural goods. Exchange rate was overvalued during the period of the study, this overvaluation has been relaxed in recent years due to trade liberalization and flexible exchange rate system. The implicit tax on agricultural exports is extensively more higher than the direct one. Further analysis was done using Ordinary Least Square estimates. Most of the data were non-stationary and the variables of interest were co-integrated and therefore, Engle Granger methods of error correction model was used. Agricultural export share on current GDP respond positively to the relative prices of agricultural goods, the response at crop level is stronger than at aggregate level. Labour force has a positive effect in some cases and negative in others. Export share adjusts with terms of trade shocks in the short-run but inefficient policies caused disequilibrium in the long-run. The protection rates have a negative effect on the export share, and this share was declining through time.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    The Structure and Efficiency of Ethiopian Commercial bank
    (A.A.U, 2006-12) Getachew, Dereje; Demeke, Mulat (Dr.)
    Using the stochastic frontier analysis and employing the cost, standard profit, alternative profit and labor efficiency concepts, this study has analyzed the efficiency situations and identified the exogenous factors affecting the inefficiencies of the Ethiopian commercial banks from 1994/95 to 2004/05. FUl1hermore, the study has investigated whether or not management inefficiency existed in the banks and the quality difference in the outputs of the banks. The findings also depicts that Ethiopian commercial banks have on the average cost, standard profit alternative profit and labor efficiency scores of 92.2, 68, 71.3 and 80.3 percent respectively. However, the econometric findings suggest that the alternative profit efficiency concept to be the most appropriate efficiency concept to assess the Ethiopian commercial banking industry. In view of this, the study indicates that alternative profit efficiency is affected positively by the private ownership, cheap source of deposit, larger size, higher capital size, lower risk preference of the management, longer years of operation and lower number of branches even though it deteriorated over the study period. In addition, the findings also reveal the existence of management inefficiency and output quality difference among the banks. , J