Browsing by Author "Demeke, Berhanu (PhD)"

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    Emerging Challenge of HI VIAl OS Care to Health Institutions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2000-12) Mebratu, Afework; Demeke, Berhanu (PhD)
    This is a cross-sectional survey conducted to describe the challenges and needs of Region 14 HCWs and hea lth institutions towards HIY/AIDS patient care. Self administered questionnaire was used to describe HCW's attitude, risk perception , practice and perceived needs & sources of informationlknowledge on HIV/AIDS care and three other survey instruments were also used to assess the avai lability of diagnostic facilities and pharmaceutical supplies for HIV/AIDS patient care. The study was conducted in all the five hospital and half of the health centers under the Region 14 Health Bureau from August 1999 to 2000. Three hundred and one HCWs completed selfadministered questiormaires. Forty-two percent (127) of the study participants were physicians, while, 57.8 % (175) were nurses. Data were entered into and analyzed using EPI-info sta tistical software program. The majority of the HCWs perceive themselves to be at great risk of acquiring HIV-infection. But significant proportion of the staff working at the high-r isk zones reported not practicing the universal precaution. The majority of the HeWs were found to have favorable attitude towards patients with HIV\AIDS. But HCWs also expressed their discomfor1 in the different types of contact with HTV\AIDS patients care activities. Significant percentage of treating HCWs showed perceived needs & sources of informationlknowledge on HIV/AIDS .Tests for funga l infection were the least available and drugs for fungal infection, skin diseases and CNS conditions were also fowld to be scarce. Potent analgesics like codeine and other re lated drugs needed for terminally sick patients were also found to be low. In-service training of the HCWs and improving their access to sources of information/knowledge on HlV\AIDS care especially on areas of universal precaution, care is critically recommended. Improving the provision of equipments and supplies for HIY-infection control especially protective clothing and the availability of anti fungal drugs, potent analgesics, drugs for skin diseases &CNS drugs needed for HIYIAIDS cases is also recommended,
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    Factors related voluntary mv and counseling and testing in an Urban Community of Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2000-12) Mohammed, Fahmi; Demeke, Berhanu (PhD)
    A cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2000 to Apr il 2000 among the age group of 15-49 year populmi on of Harar town. to determine the factors related with intention of Voluntary HIV co unse ling and testing (VCT). A multi-stage sampling method was used to select 720 stud y subj ects fl'Om residents of Harar town. Both quantitative and quali tative data co ll ection methods were utili zed. More than three-fourth (85,4%) of the study subjects claimed to have inte ntion of hav ing VCT; and about three-fou rth (73.9%) had intention of asking partner(s) to seek for VCT. On mu lti-va riate analysis condom use (OR=2J), not initiating sexual practice (OR=2,4), positive attitude (OR= 104) and sa lient belief (OR=1.2) towards VCT were positive predi ctors of intention of having VCT. Being never married (OR= 1.9), pos itive attitude (OR= 1.2), subj ective norm (OR= I J) and sal ient belief (OR= 13) towards VCT were positive predictors of intention of aski ng partner(s) to get VCT. On gender based multi-vari ate analys is being never married (OR=23) was sign ificant pred ictor on ly among male subj ects and not initiat ing sexual practice (OR=4. 7) was sign ifi ca nt predictor only among female subj ects. Confidential HI Vtesting and face-to-face counseling by phys icians, trained persons and religious leaders were fo und to be the most preferred method of service delivery. Majority of su bj ects could afford to pay less th an 10 birr for the VCT service. The major reasons identifi ed for not having intention of VCT were fear of posit ive resu lt and stigma attached to AIDS. As cultural norms and attitude towards VCT have sign ificant impact on acceptance of VCT, program implementers shou ld address the issue by involvi ng community leaders and using community and cultural gatherings to advocate benefi ts of VCT, to reduce fear of pos itive resu lt and stigma attached to AIDS. To expand the service to the community at large cost issue should be well addressed.