Browsing by Author "Cherie, Amsale (PhD)"

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    Assessement of Traditional Medicine Utilization for Children and Associated Factors Among Parents in Tole Woreda, Southwest Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2017
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Hailu, Fekensa; Cherie, Amsale (PhD)
    In many culture, traditional medicine used as one of primary health care refined over hundreds or even thousands of years. Historians from all around the world have produced evidence to show that apparently all primitive peoples used traditional medicine often in sophisticated way. In Ethiopia up to 80% of the population uses traditional medicine due to the cultural acceptability of healers and local pharmacopeias, the relatively low cost of traditional medicine and difficult access to modern health facilities. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess traditional medicine utilization and its determinants among parents of children, in Tole Wareda, South West of Oromia, Ethiopia, 2017. Method: A community based quantitative cross sectional study was employed among all parents who have children up to 18 years old. Data were collected using pre-tested structured interviewer administered questionnaire. The study was conducted among 267 households selected by systematic random sampling technique after pre assessment and numbering of <18 years children in the house hold. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to present the data. Finally, odds ratio, binary and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: It was found that 85.9% of parents had used TM for their children. Herbal medicine, massage and religious/prayer therapy were (34.4%), 55 (25.9%) and 25 (11.8%) used major therapies respectively. Monthly income found medium (500-850) [AOR: 0.25(0.08, 0.78)], cultural belief [AOR: 3.01(1.16, 7.83)], religious belief [AOR= 3.17(1.26, 7.93)] and duration of illness [AOR=3.11(1.07, 9.02)] were associated with parental traditional medicine use for their children in this study. Conclusion and recommendations: Traditional medicine use is highly prevalent in the study area 85.9%. Therefore, the integration of traditional medicine as part of modern medicine should be strengthened. Community education and further research on efficacy and safety of TM should also be done. Key words: traditional medicine; children; parents; Tole wareda; Ethiopia
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    Assessment of Sexual Behaviour, Exploitation and its Determinants Among Orphan and Vulnerable Childeren in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2014
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Chimdessa, Ayana; Cherie, Amsale (PhD)
    Background: The increased sexual risk and exploitation among orphans and vulnerable children and its associated physical, psychological and social consequences is becoming a major public health concern globally. The number of orphans has risen significantly in recent years in Ethiopia. Understanding the magnitude of risky sexual behavior and exploring factors underpinning this behavior are pivotal to address the needs of orphan and vulnerable children (OVC) and mitigating the negative outcomes of the growing OVC population worldwide. However, there is paucity of information in this regard in Ethiopia. Objectives: To assess the sexual practices, exploitation and its determinant factors among OVC in Addis Ababa city. Methodology: community based cross sectional study and phenomenological qualitative methods was conducted from March to June 2014 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Quantitative data was collected from OVC who were got community based care from three organizations, selected by systematic sampling using self administered questionnaire and phenomenological qualitative methods use focus group discussion (FGD) and interview of street children. Logistic regression and open code were used to analysis data. Result : The study participants who were double orphans were about five times more at risky sexual behavior than the respondents who were maternal orphan only P=0.005, COR (95% CI) 5.455(1.674,17.770). The multivariate risk sexual behavior shows that, orphans, who were living with others (non- relatives and far extended relatives) were about four times more at risky sexual behaviors than those who live with their mothers [(P=0.033, AOR (95%CI) 3.849(1.116,13.272)]. Many street children were forced to have coercive sex with strangers and older street children. Conclusion: About 50 (44.6%) of OVC started early sexual intercourse to get basic need and followed by 39 (34.8%) of them start to facilitating social connection in their living environment. About 96 (85.7%) of OVC did not use a condom regularly while they had sexual intercourse with their partner. Sexual relationship among street children is widespread among the street groups and with outsiders, multiple partnerships is common. Obviously, these findings suggest that orphan children were at high sexual risk behavior and exploitation next to the death of their income earner through their lack of basic needs. Key words: orphan and vulnerable children, street children, risky sexual behavior, sexual exploitation, Addis Ababa.
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    Assessment of the Feasibility Of Objective Structured Practical Examination Among Final Year Diploma Nursing Students in Government and Private Colleges in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Gebru, Asefash; Cherie, Amsale (PhD)
    Background The way clinical performance is assessed is one of the determinants affecting clinical skill training of nurses. The conventional method of clinical assessment is found to be subjective. Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) has been introduced in many countries as a valid and reliable assessment tool. In Ethiopia, there is no experience in regard to the feasibility of OSPE and its use to assess clinical performance of students. Objective The main objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and the clinical performance of final year diploma nurse students using OSPE. Methods and Materials The study was done in Menlik II Health Science College and Central University located in Addis Ababa. The study populations were final year diploma nurse students. The design of study was descriptive cross-sectional. A total of 36 students 16 from Menilik II and 20 from Central University were enrolled. In Central out of 3 campuses, Lanchia Campus was selected randomly. Out of 35 students in Lanchia Campus 20 were chosen using simple random sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, checklist, focus group discussion and observation. The variables collected were age, clinical performance score, feasibility of OSPE, perception of study subjects and barriers to skill training. Result The mean age of the 36 students was 21.7 years. Out of 6 clinical competencies assessed managing 3rd stage of labor, clean wound dressing, managing airway obstruction and administering IM injection were poorly performed while that of measuring blood pressure was good. Of the expected 1872 tasks to be performed by the 36 students in the 6 clinical procedures 886(47.3%) were correctly performed. In addition, out of 52 steps expected to be performed by a student in the 6 procedures, the maximum steps performed by a student correctly were 35(67.3%). Among major deficiencies observed in the management of 3rd stage of labor was inability to palpate the abdomen to rule out the presence of another baby 35 (97.2). In addition, 31(86.1%) and 27(75.0%) of the students were unable to read the growth monitoring chart and interpret temperature of a patient respectively. Furthermore, instructors and students attitude towards OSPE was highly positive. Feasibility study showed in each demonstration room a maximum of 10 stations could be organized. The amount of time to conduct OSPE in each site was 290 minutes. OSPE was found feasible in a small set up with few numbers of students. The result also showed the main barriers to clinical training were instructors’ competency, coaching process, close supervision and inadequate learning facilities. Conclusion Objective Structured Practical Examination is feasible in a small setup where the numbers of students to be assessed are few. When the numbers of students are many, additional resource is required. OSPE has demonstrated the clinical performance of the students to be weak. Recommendation Objective Structured Practical Examination was found feasible and should be introduced as an additional clinical assessment tool
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    Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude & Practice Towards Hiv /AIDS Among Commerclal Sex Workers of Alamata Woreda, 2014
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-10) Amare, Abebe; Cherie, Amsale (PhD)
    Background- HIV/AIDS is a major crisis that is increasingly affecting the most productive segments of the population in sub-Saharan African countries Objective- the main objective of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of HIV/AIDS prevention methods among commercial sex workers in Alamata woreda, Tigray, Ethiopia 2013. Methodology- Community based cross sectional study was conducted in Alamata woreda, Tigray . Those who practice sex work in their home were included in the study using purposive sampling. Data were collected by interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire and entered using Epi info version 3.4 software and exported to SPSS software version 16 for analyses. Frequencies, percentage, chi-square with p-value were used to describe the study population in relation to relevant variables. The degree of association between independent and dependent variables were assessed using crude odd ratio with 95% confidence interval. Consecutively multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to control the potential confounding variables under the study. Results- Of those 106 participants 69(65.1%) were from the surrounding rural areas, 49(46.3%) were young aged between 15-25 years old with mean age of 23yrs and 96.2% of them were highly knowledgeable. All of the study participants (commercial sex workers) were most visited (had frequent sexual practice with) farmers. As shown in this study, 24.5% of the commercial sex workers reported as AIDS can be cured. The multivariate logistic regression analysis shows only place of origin was significantly associated with consistent use of condom. Conclusion - The high level of information and knowledge about AIDS seem to have little impact than the expected. Therefore, level targeted interventions towards sex workers and their clients can reduce HIV risk and vulnerability as well as reduce the number of new HIV infections among sex workers and the general populations. Recommendation - The ministry of health and other concerned bodies should have effective HIV & STIs programs based on clear understanding of “ who the sex workers are, where the sex is practiced, and who their frequent clients are
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    Assessment of Road Traffic Accidents Among Children in Addisababa City, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Berhe, Almaz; Cherie, Amsale (PhD)
    BACKGROUND: Road traffic injuries are major causes of death and disability worldwide, with a disproportionate number of occurrences in developing countries particularly in school age children. OBJECTIVES: To assess the magnitude and factors associated with road traffic accidents among Children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHOD: Four years retrospective record review about road traffic accidents among children was conducted from records of all sub cities of Addis Ababa Traffic Control and Investigation Department (AATCID).Data were collected using structured checklist . Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done using SPSS version 20. RESULT: A total of 1019 accidents among children have been registered in all police stations of sub cities of Addis Ababa from March 2010 to February 2014. Of these 125(12.3%) resulted in fatal accident, 510(50%) in severe injuries and 384(37.7%) in light injuries. Overall, 608 (59.6%) of the accidents occurred during rush hours. Children in the age group 4-6 years and children from 7- 10 years were more likely to die from road traffic accidents compared to children in the age group 11-14 years AOR 2.19, 95% C.I (1.29, 3.75) and AOR 2.15, 95% C.I (1.34, 3.46) respectively. Drivers with less than one year driving experience were more likely to cause fatal accidents compared to their counterparts AOR 2.77, 95% C.I (1.16, 6.66). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: The rise in road traffic accident in Addis Ababa among children is alarming. Therefore, Road safety laws, proper and adequate training of drivers and public education need to be in place to respond to the high morbidity and mortality associated with road traffic accidents. KEY WORDS: Children, Fatality, Injuries, Road traffic accident.
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    The Desire to Have Children: Is Pmtct an Opportunity for Hiv Positive People? A Cross Sectional Study in Mekelle Health Institutions, Tigray/Ethiopia, 2009
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-07) Desta, Amanuel; Cherie, Amsale (PhD)
    Back ground: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy has changed the life prospect of PLWHA towards parenthood. However, little is known about the extent of PLWHA desire to have children. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the desire to have children and identify factors associated with desire to have children among men and women living with HIV/AIDS at follow up of ARV treatment units. Method: A cross–sectional facility based study was conducted; using a pre tested structured questionnaires on sample of HIV–infected men and women attending at ARV treatment sites in Mekelle hospital and three health centers in Mekelle town. Total sample sizes of 367 respondents were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Respondents were selected proportional to the size of each facility serving ARV treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical soft ware version 15.0. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Medical Faculty of Addis Ababa University. Result: Data were obtained from 367 respondents, yielding a response rate 98.9%. One hundred forty four (39.2%) of respondents had desire to have children. Among men this proportion was 43.6% (n=61), in contrast to 36.6 (n=83) of women. Generally desire to have children was higher in the age group 20-29 years compared to elderly age group with OR 10.48 (95% CI: 5.07, 21.63). Respondents who disclosed their HIV status to their partners had significant association for desire to have children compared to those who do not disclosed with OR 1.67 (95% CI: 1.00, 2.80). Conclusion A significant proportion of HIV infected individuals have desire for children. Issues related to fertility desires need to be addressed more frequently by health care providers to their HIV-infected clients through counseling to facilitate informed decision- making about child bearing.
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    Maternal Satisfaction with Delivery Services of Public Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017 Gc
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Assefa, Blen; Cherie, Amsale (PhD)
    Background:Accessibility of maternal services alone cannot guarantee usage by womenneither does the use of maternal health services guarantee optimal out comes for women.Maternal satisfaction with delivery services affects selection of birthplaces, helps to identify gaps between the actual health care and the desired health care outcomes and assists policy makers in developing interventions based on findings. Objective:The aim of the study was to assess the level of maternal satisfaction with delivery services and identify factors affecting the level of maternal satisfaction in public health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017 GC. Methods:Institution based cross sectional quantitative and qualitative study was conducted from April12 to May 20, 2017. Multi stage sampling method was used to select 461 mothers from 20 health centers. Interviews using a structured questionnaire wereused to collect the quantitative data. And data was entered using Epi –info 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were applied at 95% CI.For the qualitative part of the study, in depth interviews were used for data collection and thematic analysis was used to generate themes. Result:This study’s finding indicated an overall maternal satisfaction level of 82%. Women who were satisfied by respectfulness of the staff were 8.7 times more satisfied with the overall services than those who weren’t AOR(95%CI) 8.712(2.171,34.961). Mothers who received cognitive care were 18.6 times more satisfied than those who didn’t AOR(95%CI) 18.611(2.658,30.294). Mothers who were satisfied with the sex of the health workers who attended their deliveries were 10.7 times more satisfied than those who weren’t AOR(95%CI) 10.742(3.218,35.866).Mothers who felt like their babies received adequate care were 38.8 times more satisfied than those who didn’t. Conclusion: Cognitive care, competency, respectfulness, neonatal care and satisfaction with the sex of health workers were important predictors of maternal satisfaction. Recommendation:Addis Ababa city administration health bureau, health facility managers and health workers should work together on identified factors to improve maternal satisfaction. Key words: Maternal satisfaction, delivery services, public health center
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    Prevalence and Associated Factors of Postpartum Depression Among Mothers Attending Public Health Centers Of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-05) Fantahun, Addishiwet; Cherie, Amsale (PhD)
    Background: Mental health problems in mothers can lead to increased maternal mortality and morbidity. Postpartum depression (PPD) explains a various groups of depressive symptoms and syndromes that take place during the first year following birth. Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of postpartum depression among mothers attending public health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, March 2016 –April 2016. Methods: Facility based cross sectional study design was conducted among 633postpartum women. Simple random sampling technique was used to select four sub cities from the 10 sub cities of Addis Ababa. Secondly, 10 Health centers were selected by a lottery method. The numbers of women included in the study were determined using proportion to size allocation technique. Then the study participants from each health center were selected by simple random sampling. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used at a cutoff point >13 to detect depression. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used. Result: 144(23.3%) of participants had postpartum depression .Those respondents who had previous history of postpartum depression [AOR=4.41(95% C.I: 2.4-8.3)], domestic violence [AOR=3.1 (95% C.I: 1.6-5.9)], and unplanned pregnancy [AOR=3.0 (95% C.I: 1.7-5.2)] had a higher odds of postpartum depression compared to their counterparts. Unmarried [AOR=2.8(CI: 1.4-5.4)], who had problem in income, [AOR=2.3 (95% C.I: 1.3-4.0)], who had previous history of child death [AOR=3.5(95% C.I: 1.4-8.8)] and who used substance during pregnancy [AOR=4.9(95% C.I: 1.1-21.3)] were more likely to be depressed. Dissatisfaction in marriage [AOR=2.9(95% C.I: 1.5-5.6)] and delivery without the presence of any relatives in the health facility [AOR=3.5(95% C.I: 1.5-8.0)] had association with postpartum depression. Conclusion and Recommendations: Postpartum depression is a common mental health problem at the postpartum period. By revealing the prevalence and factors that determine postpartum depression this study recommended interventions like Integration of mental health service with existing maternal health care and Inter sector collaboration between women’s affair and health institutions to prevent Postpartum depression in Addis Ababa Public Health Centers. Key words: - Depression, Maternal mental health and Postpartum Depression
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    Prevalence and Determinants Of Sexual Violence Among Female Housemaids in Selected Junior Secondary Night School:Cross Sectional Study Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2015
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Getachew, Mahilet; Cherie, Amsale (PhD)
    Background: Sexual violence is a serious public health and human rights problem with both short-and long-term consequence on women’s physical, mental, sexual and reproductive health. Objective: To assess the prevalence and determinants related to sexual violence among house maids of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Methods: School based cross sectional study design was conducted among female housemaid students from January 27-march7, 2015 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 473 sample sizes were considered. Multistage sampling techniques were employed. Data was collected using closed ended and open ended self-administered questionnaire. Five percent of the questionnaire was pretested. Data was entered through Epi-data version 3.1 and was analyzed through SPSS version 20. Measurements of central tendency like mean were presented. Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Interval was calculated for each independent variable against the dependent variables. Result: A total of 451 housemaid’s had participated with a response rate of 95.3%. The study has indicated that the prevalence of sexual violence was 28.6%.Housemaid monthly income <300birr were three times [AOR=3.112(1.484, 6.523)] more likely to be sexually violated than those whose monthly income is >450birr. Housemaids whose employer drunk alcohol were 14 times [AOR=14.53(7.62, 27.703)] more likely to be sexually violated compared to those housemaids whose employer do not drink alcohol. Conclusion and Recommendation Sexual violence among housemaids is rampant. Low income of the housemaid and alcohol drinking by perpetrator was found to be a risk for sexual violence. Empowering housemaids to develop self-confidence through education, and improving their ability to find employment and income, along with increasing public awareness of human rights issues is vital. Key words: sexual violence, determinants of sexual violence, housemaid, school based, Addis Ababa
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    Prevalence of Childhood Overweight And Obesity and its Determinant Factors Among Elementary School Children In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) G/ Michael, Berket; Cherie, Amsale (PhD)
    Background: Obesity and overweight pose major risk for serious diet-related chronic diseases, including type2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke, and certain forms of cancer. Even though there is no well-documented information recently, chronic diseases that are directly or indirectly related to overweight and obesity become increasing in Ethiopia especially in urban areas. Objective: the main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity and its determinant factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 463 elementary school children in Addis Ababa. Study participants were selected using multi stage sampling from 10 public and 10 private elementary Schools. Overweight and obesity was determined using CDC 2000, BMI percentile chart. Socio-demographic and other determinants of childhood overweight were assessed. Data were collected using combination of interview of children and self-administered questionnaire to their parents. Finally data were processed and analyzed using Epi info version 3.5.4and SPSS version 21. Result: A total 463 children and 463 parents participated in the study. The overall prevalence of underweight, normal, overweight and obesity is 44(9.5%), 360(77.8%), 46(9.9%) and 13(2.8%) respectively. Sex specific prevalence of overweight and obesity shows 7.7% and 3.2% for male and 12%and 2.5% for female respectively. Significant association with overweight was observed among car ownership of the family (p<0.001), number of snacks per day (p=0.03), sweet food preference (p<0.001), buying ice cream (p=0.014), eating breakfast regularly (p=0.034), walking or riding bicycle for at least 10 minutes per day (p=0.009) and family participation in regular physical activity (p=0.023). Conclusion and Recommendations: The prevalence of overweight was found to be high even computable with the global prevalence. Among the factors identified are unhealthy dietary pattern like preferring sweet foods, eating breakfast irregularly, buying ice cream and frequent snacking are strongly associated with overweight. In addition physical inactivity are also important factors impacting on the risk of obesity in children. If Primary preventive measures is not taken immediately, prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in Addis Ababa might increase rapidly in the coming few years. Early interventions on modifiable risk factors by promoting active lifestyles and healthy diets are likely to decrease the rate of childhood obesity
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    Prevalence of Unwanted Pregnancy and Associated Factors Among Women In Reproductive Age Groups at Selected Health Facilities in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Mulatu, Teshale; Cherie, Amsale (PhD)
    Background: Unsafe abortions resulting from unintended pregnancies denote an important public health challenge throughout the world. Although various strategies have been used to address this problem unsafe abortion remained the cause for a significant number of maternal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess the prevalence of unwanted pregnancies and factors which are associated with unwanted pregnancies. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted to select randomly 349 women of reproductive age from five hospitals providing ANC in Addis Ababa. Data were collected using standardized pretested interviewer administered questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the dependent and independent variables. Result: A total of 333 reproductive age group females participated in the study making the response rate 95.4%. A total of 126(37.6%) and 50(50%) respondents had had unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion at some point in their lives. Being in school was the main reason cited by 83(37.2%) respondents to terminate pregnancy. Females aged 20-24 years were more likely to have unwanted pregnancy compared to 25-29 years with [AOR= 1.84(95%CI: 1.03- 3.29)]. Single women are more likely to have induced abortion [AOR=2.355(95%CI: 1.48- 3.73)] as compared to the married counterparts. Conclusion & recommendation: The prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion were high, and most of the induced abortion was the result of unwanted pregnancy. This study has implication that comprehensive approaches should be emphasized to increase awareness, access and use of family planning methods. Key words: women of reproductive age, unwanted pregnancy, induced abortion , Addis Ababa
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    Student Nurses’ Attitude Towards Clinical Practice and Associated Factors in Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2015.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Mekonnen, Shewangizaw; Cherie, Amsale (PhD)
    Background: Clinical practice is the major component of the nursing profession. Student nurses’ attitude towards clinical practice is one of the major factor for student nurses’ clinical learning. Favorable attitude towards clinical practice promotes effective clinical learning, whereas unfavorable attitude hiders the acquisition of necessary practical skills. Student nurses’ attitude towards clinical practice is affected by a number of internal and external factors. However, researches with this regard were meager in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess student nurses’ attitude towards clinical practice and associated factors among Hawassa university students, Hawassa, Ethiopia. Methodology: Institution based cross sectional study design was employed from April 10th – 25th, 2015. A total of 290 respondents participated in the study. Multistage sampling technique is used to get the sample of student nurses. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire of English version. Pre-test was done on 5% nursing students of AAU. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version-20 was used was used for data entry and analysis. Descriptive statistics and Logistic regression was used to analyze the data, and Odds Ratio was used to test association, P< 0.05 was considered significant and 95 % confidence interval was used. Result: The Findings of this study indicated that 168(58%) respondents have favorable attitude towards clinical practice and the mean attitude score was 14.99, median 15.00, and standard deviation was 2.49. Majority of the respondents, 169(58.3%), came late to clinical practice. The results of this study also indicated that readiness to interact with other medical staff [AOR= 2.43 (1.072-5.50)], and confidence towards nursing profession [AOR=5.69(2.49-13.01)] were shown to be enhancing factors for favorable attitude towards clinical practice; while inadequate preparation for clinical practice [AOR= 0.41 (0.22-0.76)] was shown to be hindering factor of favorable attitude towards clinical practice. Conclusion and recommendation: Late coming, readiness to interact with other medical staff, confidence towards nursing profession and inadequate preparation for clinical practice were significantly associated with favorable attitude towards clinical practice. Thus, measures should be taken to help student nurses develop the prerequisite knowledge and skills for clinical practice, facilitate frequent and supportive supervision, and encourage appropriate professional attitude and student nurse interaction with other medical staff