Browsing by Author "Bethel Befekadu"

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    Case Reports On Selected Clinical Cases of Domestic Animals Presented To Animal Health Facilities in and Around Adama and Bishoftu, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021) Bethel Befekadu; Dr. Abdi Feyisa
    Animals play significant roles in human lives and economic well-being of countries. Thus, if people want to use animals, they must keep them healthy and handle carefully. Despite considerable efforts to prevent domestic animal diseases, their impact remains to be severe across the world. In Ethiopia, although extensive works have been done in veterinary clinics and hospital to diagnose and treat animal diseases, most of the works are being done empirically and getting well-documented data on clinical cases is challenging. Therefore, this study was aimed to give scientific documents on selected clinical cases of domestic animal in Adama and Bishoftu towns. The case handling began with the owner‘s complaint, then detailed clinical examinations and treatments were prescribed tentatively and later confirmatory laboratory diagnoses were done either to continue or alter treatments, and recommend prevention and control approaches. The animals were followed until they were fully recovered, either at the clinic during subsequent therapies or at home for diseases with prolonged recovery. Each case report was compiled following a scientific case reporting format and different diagnosis and treatment approaches were used depending on the types of the cases. A total of 19 case reports including 24 single animals and 2 flocks are included in this study. Cattle, small ruminants, dogs, chickens, and rabbit were among the domestic animals addressed. These case reports also include diseases that affect different body systems and various causative agents including bacterial, viral, parasites, fungal, metabolic, hormonal, mechanical and tumor cases. Therefore these case reports address and set scientific steps of disease diagnosis methods, rational treatment approaches of different diseases including treatment trial and prophylactic drug usage and gives evidences for the presence of some uncommon diseases and their impact.
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    “Clinical Characterization, Detection of Canine Parvovirus and Bacterial CoInfections, and Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes in Clinically Suspected Puppies at AAUCVMA Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2025) Kemal Ahmed; Abdi Feyisa; Bethel Befekadu
    Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) remains a leading and potentially fatal viral disease in canine populations, especially in young puppies. The presence of co-infecting pathogens can exacerbate disease severity and complicate clinical outcomes. This study aimed to detect CPV, characterize clinical signs, identify major bacterial co-infections, and assess treatment outcomes in puppies clinically suspected of CPV infection. A case-series study was conducted over eight months (October 2024 to May 2025) at AAU-CVMA, Professor Fisseha Gebreab Memorial Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bishoftu, Ethiopia. Thirty fecal samples were purposively collected from diarrheic puppies suspected of CPV-2 infection. Samples were analyzed using microbiological methods and conventional PCR. All the examined puppies exhibited diarrhea, vomiting, and anorexia; 60% (18/30) showed bloody diarrhea. CPV was detected in 28 samples. Ten puppies tested positive for CPV alone, while co-infections with Salmonella or Escherichia coli were found in 16 cases, and two cases had both bacterial pathogens alongside CPV. One sample showed co-infection with Salmonella and E. coli without CPV, and one sample was negative for all tested pathogens. Following antibiotic and supportive treatment, five puppies died, while 25 recovered. The results demonstrate a high rate of CPV and frequent bacterial co-infections in diarrheic puppies, underscoring the complication of canine parvovirus infection with bacterial pathogens. This study highlights the need for further research on the prevalence and molecular characterization of CPV in the study area to improve diagnostic, treatment and prevention strategies
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    Evaluation and in Vitro Antimicrobial Effect Assessment of Ethyl Pyruvate's Efficacy Against Major Pathogens Associated with Bovine Mastitis
    (Addis Abeba University, 2025) Tseganesh Asefa; Alemayehu Lemma; Bethel Befekadu
    The treatment of bovine mastitis is complex due to its varied etiology and the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance, which limits the efficacy of conventional antibiotic therapies, particularly in persistent infections or those caused by certain pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus. Ongoing research explores alternative treatments such as plantbased therapies. However, the efficacy and practical application of these alternatives are still under investigation. Cross sectional study was conducted in Bishoftu, Ethiopia, from November 2024 to May 2025. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP) on major pathogens of bovine mastitis and assess them in vitro susceptibility profiles. Bacteria were isolated and identified using selective media and MALDI-TOF MS from 90 milk samples of cows confirmed to have mastitis using CMT and SCC which resulted 59.3% were "strongly positive," 30.5% "distinct positive," and 10.2% "weakly positive," with a statistically significant correlation (p<0.01; r=0.653) with SCC result. Culturing revealed that 65.5% of the samples contained primarily Staphylococcus aureus (28.8%), Escherichia coli (21.1%) and streptococcus agalactiae 6.7%. Sensitivity tests were carried out with different concentration (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%) of ethyl pyruvate with conventional antibiotic disks to see resistance pattern. The antibacterial effects of EP were found to be concentration-dependent. EP75 was the most effective at a 29.82 mm zone of inhibition, while EP25 had the lowest efficacy at 16.89mm. A significant difference was found in susceptibility among bacterial species, with E. coli showing the highest susceptibility at 25.63± 0.53 mm and S. aureus the lowest at 17.65mm. Furthermore, 100% multi-drug-resistant to Tetracycline, Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin showed across all tested species. In vitro analyses indicate EP possesses a significant antimicrobial property against major pathogens of bovine mastitis. Further in vivo investigation is warranted to ascertain its therapeutic efficacy and comprehensive doseresponse studies to establish the optimal dosage regimens and administration routes for ethyl pyruvate practical application in field settings