Browsing by Author "Belay, Assefa"

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    Comparative study on the magnitude of intestinal parasites, Salmonella and Shigella species and Antimicrobial Susceptibility pattern among HIV infected and non-infected patients with diarrhea in selected health facilities, Dessie town, Northeast Amhara Region, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2018-06) Belay, Assefa; Tsegaye, Aster (MSc, PhD)
    Diarrhea is a common complication and manifestation of HIV/AIDS, occurring in almost 90% of HIV/AIDS infections both in adults and children in developing countries like Ethiopia. Salmonella and Shigella infections are major global public health problems causing mild to severe forms of intestinal tract infection and diarrhea; Intestinal parasites are also additional burden in developing countries. Objective: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites, Salmonella and Shigella Species and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among HIV infected and non-infected patients with diarrhea in selected health facilities, Dessie town, Northeast Amhara Regional State. Methods: Health facility based cross sectional study was conducted at Dessie Referral Hospital, Dessie Health Center and Banbua wuha Health Center from January 2018 to April 2018. A total of 354 HIV infected and non-infected diarrheic outpatients were included using convenient sampling technique. Data on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected using interview that employed structured questionnaire. Freshly voided stool specimen was used for investigate intestinal parasite, culturing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS software version 22 (IBM). Results: Among 354 study participants, 112 were HIV infected and 242 were non HIV infected with diarrhea. The prevalence of Intestinal parasite and Bacterial infection among HIV infected was 26(23.2%) and 8(7.1%), respectively. Of the bacterial isolates, Salmonella accounts 6(5.4%) followed by Shigella 2(1.8%) among bacterial isolates. Moreover, the most prevalent parasite was C. parvum 9(8%), E. histolytica/dispar 8(7.1%), 4(3.6%) and 1(0.9%) co-infection of C. parvum and C. catananyesis. The bacterial isolates from diarrheal patients were 100% susceptible to Ceftriaxone 95.4% susceptible to Ciprofloxacin However, the isolates 100% resistant to Ampicillin and Amoxicillin. Conclusion: High prevalence of enteric pathogens and high resistance of isolates to commonly prescribed antibiotics were observed from HIV infected and non-infected patients. Therefore, Prevention methods should be given attention to reduce the infection rate and AST should be practiced in the health facilities to select appropriate antimicrobial agent and prevent emergence of drug resistant bacteria.
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    Current Level and Determinants of Optimal Complementary Feeding Practices among Lactating Mothers of Children in Ambo Town, Oromia, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-11) Belay, Assefa; Haile PhD, Abebe
    An appropriate diet is critical in the growth and development of children especially in the first two years of life. Poor complementary feeding of children aged 6–23 months contributes to the characteristics negative growth trends and deaths observed in developing countries. Previous studies evidence strongly call for the need to improvement of complementary feeding practices but there is a scarce evidence for overall complementary feeding practices that captured the multidimensionality of feeding practices including dietary diversity, frequency, and acceptable diet an and associated factors in the region, especially, in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess current level and determinants of optimal complementary feeding practices among mothers of children aged 6 to 23 months in Ambo town. The study used cross sectional study design and targeted 336 mothers with children 6-23 months olds. Proportionate stratified sampling was used to select households in different kebeles and two stage cluster sampling was used to select households with mothers/caregivers and children 6-23 months old. A researcher administered questionnaire and focus group discussion guide were used to collect information from the respondents. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0 windows statistical software. Chi-square tests were made to evaluate optimal complimentary feeding practice and associated factors, and P-value < 0.05, at 95% CI was taken as cut off point for statistical significance. All (100%) the children 6-8 months old had received solid, semi-solid or soft foods. The minimum meal frequency was attained by 88.3% (95% CI 84.3-91.4) whereas the minimum dietary diversity was attained by 17.9% (95% CI 14.1-22.5). In addition, the minimum acceptable diet was attained by 15.4% (95% CI 11.9-19.8). Maternal knowledge on: importance of breastfeeding (87.3%); age of introduction of complementary foods (85.4%) and correct meal frequency for age (74.5%) was high. On the contrary, knowledge on the importance of enriching complementary foods (34.5%) was low. Mothers who knew the importance of a diverse diet were likely (chi-square test; p=0.001) to feed their children on a diverse diet. On the other hand, mothers who knew the importance of enriching complementary foods were likely to feed their children on a minimum acceptable diet (chi-square test; p=0.007) and maternal knowledge on enriching complementary foods (OR=3.41, p=0.040) were significant predictors of consumption of Vitamin A rich foods, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet respectively. Behavioral change and communication involving all the stakeholders in infant and young child feeding should be emphasized. Messages on appropriate feeding practices should include importance of dietary diversity. A longitudinal study should be conducted to effectively link feeding practices and individual growth patterns.