Browsing by Author "Belachew, Ayele (MD,MPH )"

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    Health-Related Quality of life in Patients with non-traumatic myelopathy at two neurology referral clinics in Addis Ababa : Facility-based cross-sectional study
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-11) Mesfin, Meron; Mamushet, Yared( MD, MSC); Belachew, Ayele (MD,MPH ); Alemayehu, Biniyam( MD)
    Background: Non-traumatic spinal cord injury is to a range of conditions caused by infection,autoimmune, vascular, neoplastic, metastatic, and compressive lesions. The health care option to patients with spinal cord injury, usually supportive and rehabilitative, assumes to have a longterm benefit, hence requires continuous monitoring of Quality of life as an outcome measure,with the overall goal of optimizing patient functioning and well-being. There is little information available on the quality of life in patients with non-traumatic spinal cord injury in Ethiopia. This study identifies the health-related quality of life in patients with non-traumatic myelopathy at two neurology referral clinics Of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and & Zewditu Memorial Hospital. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 50 patients with non-traumatic spinal cord injury, using short-form -36 questionnaires to determine the Health-related Quality of life. The data was collected through face-to-face and through phoneinterviews from Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Zewditu Memorial Hospital from March 2019-October 2020. Results- The mean age of the patients was 42.5±14.33. 23(46%) of them were males and 27(54%) were females with a male to female ratio of 1:1.1. 45(90%) patients were paraparetic and 18(36%) were bowel and bladder incontinent. The most common cause of non-traumatic myelopathy was compressive myelopathy (42%), followed by Transverse myelitis (34%). HIV myelopathy was seen in 4(8%) patients. The mean HRQOL was 37.08±25.41. 29(58%) patients with non-traumatic spinal cord injury fall in the lower range of HRQOL (0-33) while 12(24%) and 9(18%) in the moderate range (34-66), and higher range (67-100) respectively. The role of physical and role emotional domains were significantly affected. The body pain domain was least affected. Patients who walk supported were found to have significantly lower HRQOL compared to those unsupported patients (OR= 0.009, 95%CI: 0.001-0.097, P-Value= 0.01). Patients with sphincter dysfunction have lower HRQOL compared to those patients with no sphincter dysfunction (OR =1.600, 95%CI: 1.223- 2.093). Unemployment was found to have a significant association with low HRQOL (OR=0.014, 95% CI 0.004-0.0092, P-value =0.0021). Conclusion -Patients with non-traumatic myelopathy have a low health-related quality of life. Walking with support, unemployed, and patients with sphincter dysfunction have low HRQOL. The role physical and role of the emotional domain were significantly affected so that physiological and emotional support should be part of the rehabilitation therapy. Government and non-government organization should involve NTSCI patients by forming platforms to suit employment of this group of patients.
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    Magnitude and related factors of HIV index testing in selected government health facilities in Lideta sub city Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-04) Feleke, Girma; Belachew, Ayele (MD,MPH ); Ayele, Wondemu(Msc, Ph.D. Fellow)
    Introduction: Ethiopia is one of the countries’ most severely hit by HIV pandemic. Two percent of new HIV infection 3% of HIV-related death occurred in Ethiopia in 2017. The national adult HIV prevalence rate was 0.9% [1.2% in females and 0.7% males]. Index testing is focus on offering HIV testing to everyone exposed to HIV by the index case. Ethiopian Country Operation Plan (COP19) is focused on active case finding using Index Case Testing (ICT) (minimum 20% yields) as a major component of service delivery efforts. This research analyzed the HIV sero-prevalence among sexual partners and children of Index cases. Objectives: To assess the magnitude and associated factors of HIV index testing among index cases on ART follow-up in selected government health facilities in lideta subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Methods: Mixed method facility-based cross-sectional study design was used. Pretested checklist was used to retrieve information from the client's medical record and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results were displayed in Odds ratio, confidence intervals, and P-value. Bivariate and multi variable analysis used to analyze HIV index testing and the factors associated with it. Qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using open code and thematic analysis approach. Result: A total of 385 index cases on patient card reviewed from ART follow-up. Out of two hundred ninety-one partners 84% and from 481 children 91% were tested. Sixty percent of partners and 9.6% of children's test results were positive. The odds of HIV index testing were higher in male partners AOR 8.43(1.32-8.94) than females. Index cases who had one children AOR of 7.59(2.39,26.95) and two children AOR of 3.47(1.2,10.4) times more likely HIV tested than index cases with no children. The qualitative test result showed that the major reasons for not testing their families were fear disclosure, fear of positive test result, stigma and discrimination and service related factors. Conclusions and Recommendation: This study showed that high proportions of index partners and children have been tested for HIV. Out of tested partners, the majority test result was positive. Factor that had a strong association with HIV index testing was being male partner and having one or two children. The health institutions should strengthen ICT service in the ART unit to ensure the sustainability of testing.
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    Utilization of Long Acting and Permanent Contraceptive method and Associated factors among Married Women in Adama Town, Oromia Region, Central Ethiopia: Community based Cross Sectional Study.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2014-07) Desalegn, Markos; Belachew, Ayele (MD,MPH ); Gizaw, Mulukan(MPH)
    Background፡ About 29% of couples in Ethiopia are not using any contraceptive methods to either space or limit childbirth. In addition long acting and permanent contraceptive method utilization is less than five percent. Objective: Is to assess level of utilization of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods and associated factors among married women in Adama town. Methodology: Community Based Cross Sectional Study complemented with Qualitative method was conducted in four kebeles of Adama town from April15-30, 2014. Multistage sampling technique was used to select participant for quantitative part where as purposive sampling was used for qualitative part of the study. Quantitative data was cleaned and entered using Epi info 3.5.3 and analyzed using statistical package for social science version 20.0. Open code version 3.6.2.0 was used to code qualitative data. Factors associated with utilization of long acting and permanent contraceptive method were identified using logistic regression model and content analysis was done for qualitative data. Result: Eighty seven percent of the respondents knew long acting and permanent contraceptive and 55% had positive attitude about it. Magnitude of long acting and permanent contraceptive method was 20.9% and the main reason for not using was fear of side effect (63.5%). Current use long acting and permanent contraceptive method was higher among women who have high knowledge (AOR=5.26, 95% CI=1.90-14.69) and positive attitude about the method (AOR=3.25, 95% CI=1.60-6.58). Participants need to have more children use this method less likely compared to those did not want to have more children. Those who gave birth to 3-4 used long acting and permanent contraceptive methods more likely than those who did not give birth. In qualitative part, discussants have expressed their concern of side effect though they had knowledge about this method. Conclusion and recommendation: Current use of long acting and permanent contraceptive method in Adama town was low. The main reason for not using was fear of side effect. Main factors identified to affect use of this method were level of knowledge and attitude about long acting and permanent contraceptive methods. Targeted Information Education Communication Intervention should be intensified to improve utilization of this method.