Browsing by Author "Belachew, Ayele(PhD)"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Assessment of Fertility Desire and Family Planning Utilization Among HIV Positive People Who Are on Antiretroviral Treatment, Asella Hospital, Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, 2011
    (Addis Abeba university, 2011-05) Tadesse, Legesse; Belachew, Ayele(PhD)
    Back ground:- People who are living with HIV / AIDS may or may not have desire of children and want to use family planning . However, the degree of their desires and how it varies by individual social health and demographic characteristics is not well understood. Objective:-To assess fertility desire and family planning utilization in PLWHA that were on follow up care in Asella Hospital ARV treatment unit. Methods:-A cross-sectional health facility based study design supplemented by qualitative in-depth interview was done from November 1 to December 30 2010. The study was conducted in Asella Hospital, Asella Town, Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. The study population was all HIV positive people who had at least one visit to the ART unit and age group 18-49 for female and 18-55 for male. The sample size taken were 384 .Pre tested questionnaire was used to collect the data which was entered using EPI info window 2000 and analyzed by SPSS 15.0 statistical packages. The qualitative study sample taken until enough information was obtained and interview included participants, a health service provider at ART, Family planning and VCT service provider at out patient department. Notes were taken and data were grouped in to thematic area words of the respondents were quoted accordingly. Results:- Seventy-five (29.3%) of the women and 56 (43.3%) of the men, totally Hundred thirty one 131(34.1%) of HIV positive people receiving care In Aella ARV treatment unit. HIV infected women desire children than men counter parts (AOR o.o1,95% CI 0, 0.25) ; PLWHAs those who have one/ no child had more desire for children in the future than those who have two and above (AOR 115, 95% CI 3868.6); single individuals had less need than married counter parts (AOR 0.01, CI 0, 0.96). Family planning utilization of PLWHA before knowing their HIV status was 47.7% but current users were 76.5% during the study period. Current FP usage was less in those who were not in marriage than those who were in marriage at study period and those who were on ART for two years or less (AOR 0.04, 95% CI 0.02, 0.1) , 0.5(0.28, 0.89) respectively
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice towards hypertension among members of the Ethiopian army assigned for peace keeping mission
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-05) Guda, Tadesse; Belachew, Ayele(PhD)
    Back ground: Approximately 7.6% million deaths (13-15% of the total) and 92 million disability-adjusted life years worldwide were attributable to high blood pressure in 2001 and by 2025, the number of hypertensive people is expected to increase by 60% and reach 1.56 billion people. The reason that Little is known about the knowledge ,attitude and practice towards prevention and control of hypertension among Army, this study assessed the gaps in knowledge, attitude and practice towards hypertension and associated factors among the army assigned for peace keeping mission. Method: institution based cross sectional study was conducted between March 16 to April 12, 2015 among 420 sample of Ethiopian defense Force members assigned for peace keeping mission in Birr Shelko training center. Quantitative data were collected on knowledge, attitude and practice towards hypertension among study participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize sociodemographic, characteristics of study participant. Knowledge, attitude and practice towards hypertension was determined using Bloom's taxonomy for cut of point (60-80). Logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with outcome variables. The result were reported by odds ratio (OR) and Statistical significance were declared at p-value less than 0.05. Result : A total of 420 systematically sampled individuals were studied and found to have comprehensive knowledge score of 49.8% (±16.2 SD) Two hundred seventy five (65.5%) of the respondents had low level of knowledge, and cumulative mean percent of attitude score was 65.1% (±16 SD). Two hundred nine (49.8%) of the respondents had neutral attitude. The mean percent of practice score were 60.5% (±16.9 SD). Only 93(22.1%) had relatively better practice towards prevention of hypertension. Practice score of respondents found to have significant association with educational level, knowledge towards hypertension and attitude towards preventive practices at p value of 0.05. Conclusion : Since the level of the knowledge regarding hypertension is low in more than half of respondents, strengthening health education program is essential. Knowledge about health feeding and health food, the importance of physical exercise should be given in health education
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2014-05) Megrssa, Elsabetee; Belachew, Ayele(PhD)
    Background: Ethiopia is within the meningitis belt and experiences local meningitis epidemics almost yearly. Most of the causes of meningococcal meningitis outbreak in the country is due to serogroup A. On 01 May 2013 Hababu Guduru District of Oromia region reported a suspected meningitis outbreak to the Federal Public Health Emergency Management Center. Investigated was launched to identify the etiological agent, risk factors and to implement control measures. Methods: A suspected case was defined as any person with a history of sudden onset of fever and one of the following signs neck stiffness, altered consciousness or other meningeal signs. A descriptive study was done than followed by an unmatched case-control study from 01-28 May 2013. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 57 cases and 57 controls. Controls were any person in the village without sign or symptoms of meningitis. Results: The descriptive study reviled a total of 244 suspected meningitis cases and two deaths (CFR= 0.8%). One hundred forty nine (61.1%) were female. The overall attack rate was 46/10,000 and the highest rate was among children aged 5-14 years (AOR=79/10,000). In the case control study, a multivariate analysis showed attendance in a public gathering area (AOR=3.3; 95% CI= 1.3-8.2), sharing a bedroom with more than two people (AOR=10.5; 95%CI=3.2-33.9) and living with a sick family member (AOR= 26.7; 95%CI=4.0-175.5) were associated with meningitis. There was no history of vaccination in the community for N. meningitidis. Eleven cerebro spinal fluid specimens(CSF) were collected, and nine were positive for Neisseria meningitidis W135 in a rapid latex agglutination test at district level. Of these seven CSF specimens were sent to National laboratory which were negative by culture. 2 Conclusion: A suspected meningococcal meningitis outbreak in Hababu Guduru district mainly affects females and age group 5-14 years. Overcrowding was significantly associated with the outbreak. Health education and increasing laboratory capacity for RT-PCR for better diagnostic capacity is recommended in the future. Key words: Meningitis, outbreak, Ethiopia
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Disasa, Tarekegn; Belachew, Ayele(PhD); Alemu, Dagnachew
    Executive Summary Ethiopia has been giving special attention to the control of epidemic prone diseases, of international concern and diseases on eradication and elimination programs, through surveillance activities. The role of public health practitioners include ensuring effective health promotion, disease prevention and control activities, conducting surveillance on emerging public health threats and providing relevant information to policy makers and public health officials. From October, 2015 to end of April, 2017 I have stayed in Field Epidemiology Training Program, School of Public Health-AAU and Oromia Regional Health Bureau field base. We carried out two outbreak investigations, one surveillance data analysis, one evaluation of public health surveillance system, one woreda health profile description, two abstracts for scientific conference, one Maher assessment, one research proposal and other activities as additional outputs. Chapter I: We conducted epidemiological investigations of two outbreaks. We used descriptive and analytic epidemiology during investigations. We identified several factors that contributed to AWD outbreak in Limmu Woreda and found that lack of knowledge about the disease and lack of purifying water they used were attributed for the outbreak. We recommended awareness creation and use of treated water to stop outbreak in the community. We also confirmed measles outbreak in Limmu Seka Woreda. Being unvaccinated and having poor awareness on the mode of transmission for measles infection were found to be risk factors for developing the disease. We recommended improved routine and campaign measles immunization targeting less than 15 years, and also health education on means of transmissions, treatment and prevention of measles infection has to be enhanced. Chapter II: We did measles surveillance data analysis of five years (2011-2015 G.C) of Guji Zone to describe by person, place and time. Approximately equal numbers of cases were reported by gender and the most and the least affected age groups were 1-4 and ≥15 years respectively. Majority of cases were either not vaccinated or their vaccination status were unknown. Enhancing routine and campaign measles immunization targeting less than 15 years of age would prevent future risk. Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, 2017 XVII | P a g e Chapter III: We conducted evaluation of surveillance system in South West Shoa Zone from February 7-22, 2017. The overall surveillance system of the zone was weak. Regular monitoring of program specific supportive supervision and continuous feedback system should be strengthened for more improvement of the completeness and timeliness and/or surveillance system as whole. Chapter IV: We did health profile description, health and health related data, of Tiyo Woreda during 01/28/2016- 02/08/2016 G.C. Acute febrile illness was a top leading cause of outpatient morbidity in the woreda. Acute upper respiratory infection, Typhoid fever, whereas Pneumonia are among top ten diseases that cause outpatient morbidity in adult and Pneumonia, Non-bloody diarrhea, Dysentery and Diarrhea with dehydration were the commonest diseases that cause morbidity in under-five children in the woreda. Typhoid fever, Malaria all cases, Urinary tract infection and Non-bloody diarrhea were among top ten diseases that cause inpatient admission. Chapter V: We did scientific manuscript for peer reviewed journals on Measles outbreak in Limmu Seka, Jimma Zone. Chapter VI: We prepared two abstracts for submission to scientific conference during residency time. These are;  Five years (2011-2015)-Measles surveillance data analysis, Guji Zone Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2016.  Measles Outbreak-Limmu Seka Woreda, Jimma Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2017. Chapter VII: We conducted Meher assessment (Narrative summary of disaster situation) in Oromia Region to identify humanitarian needs in drought affected areas from November 20 to December 14, 2016 in selected woredas of Guji, Borena and West Guji Zones. Cholera outbreaks were occurred in all three zones. Malaria, cholera and measles are the most anticipated risk in the zones. Malnutrition was a major problem in all visited woredas. Chapter VIII: We prepared one epidemiological research project proposal on assessment of prevalence and determinant factors associated with childhood measles vaccination status in Limmu Seka Woreda, Jimma Zone, Oromia Region. Descriptive cross-sectional study will be used for the study. A total of 865 mothers/caretakers with 12-23 months age child will be selected by systematic random sampling from randomly selected five kebeles of the woreda. Socio-demographic status of mothers/caretakers, knowledge of mothers/caretakers on Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, 2017 XVIII | P a g e immunization service, place of delivery will be assessed using questionnaire adopted from EDHS and different similar studies. Chapter IX: I participated on post malaria epidemic need assessment and supporting mitigation activities conducted in Abaya Woreda, Borena Zone, Oromia Region during May/2016. Objective of the assessment were verifying reported data, identify potential risk factors and support mitigation activities in the woreda. About 7,762 malaria cases were reported from the woreda though there were data discrepancies at some health posts. Health posts reported 46% of cases. Guangua HC reported 30% of cases and Odo Mique HP reported 7% of cases during the epidemic period. Malaria cases reached peak during WHO week 17 in the woreda. Presence of different ponds, intermittent water and false banana for mosquito breeding sites and accumulation of malnutrition in the woreda identified as risks. Distribution of LLINs, Mass fever treatment, conducting spray and source reduction were major activities performed to control the epidemic. I participated on different trainings and review meetings given by ORHB and partners. Topics: Cholera epidemic prevention and control and case management protocol, Training on Maternal death surveillance and response (MDSR), PHEM review meeting six months and ten months activities report and performance evaluation, Vulnerability Risk Assessment and Mapping (VRAM) given by EPHI. I participated on cholera epidemic prevention and control activities in Sebeta, Burayu, Sululta, Laga Tafo and Bishoftu Towns and other four zones (support by distribution of Medicals supplies, receive report and give feedback). I prepared weekly bulletin on PHEM report of Oromia Regional Health Bureau for WHO Epidemiologic week 34 of 2016. The health facilities report completeness for that week was 87% and above the expected national level (80%). Suspected measles cases, confirmed malaria cases and cholera cases were kept increasing and SAM were decreasing during week 34 of 2016.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Prevalence and Factors Associated with Work Related Injuries among Iron and Steel Industries workers Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Tora, Zeleke; Belachew, Ayele(PhD); Shikur, Bilal(PhD)
    Background Occupational accidents and work-related diseases cause over 2.3 million fatalities annually. This means that each year 54,000 workers die and 42 million work related accidents take place that cause at least three days’ absence from work∙ Although few studies in Ethiopia showed that the prevalence of work related injury reaches up to 78.3%. But studies in iron and steel industries in Addis Ababa showed inconsistent finding. This study is believed to avoid uncertainty on previous findings and provide further information that may help policy makers, and trade unions in their efforts to improve occupational health and safety in iron and steel industries in Ethiopia. Objective - To assess the prevalence of work related injuries and associated risk factors among iron and steel industries workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Methods- Institution based cross sectional study was conducted from March to April 2015 among 1110 randomly selected workers in Iron and steel industries. Data was collected using structured questionnaire by trained data collectors and analyzed using SPSS window version 20 where descriptive and logistics regression computed to see association between different factors and work related injuries. Result- The overall prevalence of occupational and work related injury was 35%. Among factors, Sex(male) [AOR 1.96, 95%CI: (1.05, 3.67)], Employment condition being temporary employee [AOR 2.65, 95%CI: (1.49, 4.71)], untrained on safety and health [AOR 1.92, 95%CI: (1.19, 3.11)], no shifting [AOR 1.50, 95%CI: (1.02, 2.21)], presence work place violence [AOR 1.88, 95%CI: (1.18, 2.98)], safe solid waste disposal system [AOR 2.01, 95%CI: (1.35, 3.02)] machine work [AOR 1.71, 95%CI: (1.13, 2.59)], unguarded machine [AOR 2.35, 95%CI: (1.46, 3.78)], cigarette smoking [AOR 4.78, 95%CI: (2.32, 2.59)], sleeping disorder [AOR 2.01, 95%CI: (1.16, 3.75)] and not using personal protective equipments [AOR 4.26, 95%CI: (2.78, 6.53)] were significantly associated with presence of injury. Conclusion and recommendation - the magnitude of work related injury in iron and steel industries was high and lack of safety and health training, work place violence, sleeping on work place, unavailability of safe waste disposal system, smoking cigarette, working on unguarded machine and not using PPE identified as risk factors. Therefore safety and health training and proper using of PPE should be given due attention in all iron and steel industries. Key words - work related injury, Iron and steel factors
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Role of faith and traditional healing practices in the care of Severe Mental Disorders and impact on patient level outcomes
    (Addis Ababa University, 2013-06) Belachew, Ayele(PhD); Dr.Fekadu, Abebaw; Dr.Molla, Mitike; Prof.Hailemariam, Damen
    Introduction:Mental disorders are common and are associated with severe disability, cost andmortality. The burden of mental disorders in low income countries like Ethiopia is compoundedby thehuge treatment gap, which is over 90% for Severe Mental Disorders (SMD) such as schizophrenia,bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. The current strategy of the Federal Ministry of Health to narrow the treatment gap focuses onintegration of mental health care into primary care. This agenda of integration has been advocated bythe World Health Organization(WHO), and relies on training primary care staff to provideevidence-based interventions for selected (priority) disorders. However, neither the WHO nor the Ministry ofHealth provided explicit suggestions on how the integration would occur. Although Faith andTraditional Healers (FTHs) are key for the success of such integration, there is no direction on howthey may be engaged or support care provision. Understanding treatment practices, attitudes, cultural factors and explanatory models that influencecommunity utilization of FTHs and the link of these factors with utilization ofbio-medical servicesmay allow development of strategies to support collaboration between the FTHsand the biomedicalsector. It may also improve access to timelybio-medicalcare. Thisproposed study will explore the roleof FTHs in thecare of patients with SMDand the impact on bio-medical service utilization and patientlevel outcomes. Thestudyhypothesizes that most patients with SMDs will use FTHs before accessingbiomedicalcare andthese patientsare likely to have longer duration of untreated psychosis resulting inpoorer clinical, social and economic outcomes. Objectives: the mainobjectiveof the study is to explore the pattern and determinants of the use ofFTHs practices for the care of SMDs, andimpacton patient level outcomes. Methods: four complementary studies will be conducted using a mixedquantitative and qualitativeresearchdesign.o Study Iwill havetwocomponents o The first component will be a cross-sectional communitybased study on 1,500 randomlyselected sample ofcommunity members in Sodo district todetermine community attitudetowards FTHs and describe the prevalence and pattern of use of FTHs by the community. o The second part of the initial cross-sectional survey will describe the profile of FTHs, theirEMs about SMDsas well as define types of use of available service (predominant use) o Study IIwill havetwocomponentso The first component will be toexplore the prevalence, pattern and determinants of use of FTHs among community(Key informant) identifiedpersons with SMD, completed usingall available information(Butajira Case Detection MethodBCDM); o The second component to determine baseline clinical, social and economic profiles in thethree groups ofpatients with SMDbasedontheir level of service utilization: predominantlyFTH users, Predominantly Boimedical service users and those who use both sercvices o study IIIwill be a follow up of participants in study II to examine short-term (six months) patientlevel outcomes (clinical, social and economic) and pathways in care in relation to baseline FTH use pattern; ando study IVwill examine, on purposivelyselected sample of FTHs and BMPs,behavioraldeterminantof collaboration between FTHs and BMPs (beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms and perceivedbehavioral control as well as intention towards collaboration) and the changes in thesedeterminants. Assessments:A set of assessment tools will be used to establish diagnosis, symptomatic and functionalstate as well as costs. Qualitative assessment will consist of face-to-face interview using semistructured questionnaire, Focus Group Discussions, In-depth interviewand observations using guidesand checklists. Quantitative datawill be entered in epiData version 3 and analyzed using SPSS version17 and STATA 8.Thematic content analysis will be used for qualitative data. Ethical consideration: Ethical approval will be sought from the Scientific Committee of theDepartment of Psychiatry and theInstitutional Review Board of the College of Health Sciences, AddisAbaba University. Official permission will be secured from the Sodo district health office andhealthinstitutions.Every selected respondent will be briefed about the purpose of the study and informedwritten consentwill be soughtfromeach participant. All papers, computers, external hard drives, andUSB memory sticks containing data will be password protected and kept in secure (locked) locations toensure confidentiality of information. Expected outcome:The results of the study would provide more objective determination of the impactof FTHs utilization on patient level outcomes.The findings would allow development of possiblemodels of broader collaboration and interventions to improve access to quality mental healthcare andhence improve the mental health status of people with SMDs. Budget:Part of the cost for the study will be covered by aPRIME fellowship to the candidate. But thestudy will be nested within the larger PRIME (‘PRogramme for Improving Mental health carE) project. Research plan:The research proposal will be submitted inMarch2013 for ethical approval and datacollection is expected to begin in May2013.The whole research work will be finalized in early 2015.