Browsing by Author "Bekele, Tilahun (Assistant Professor)"

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    Comparative Study of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk Samples Marketed in Capital City and Rural Place
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-01) Wondimu, Abenet; Zewdu, Ashagrie (PhD); Bekele, Tilahun (Assistant Professor)
    Milk is a key contributor to improve nutrition and food security particularly in developing countries; moreover these products are widely consumed by children. Milk has the greatest demonstrated potential for introducing AFM1 into the human diet and the possible presence of AFM1 in milk is turn out to be critical concern of the country. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a major carcinogenic compound that may be found in milk and dairy product resulting from ingestion of aflatoxin B1 by dairy animals. This study compare the intensity of Aflatoxin M1 contamination on milk from grazing and non- grazing cows collected from four potential milk source of the country, Debrbrihan, Sululta and Bishoftu and Addis Ababa which is a major market. A total of 21 samples from grazing and non grazing cows were evaluated for their Aflatoxin (AFM1). The main analytical technique implemented for aflatoxin analysis was Immunoaffinity column sample clean-up and Shimadzu High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using fluorescent as a detector. Questionnaire also implemented to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) aspect of the participants. Results revealed that, Aflatoxin level of the milk samples from grazing cows, in sululta Debereberhan and Bishoftu towns were in the range of (0.22-1.02) , (0-4.99) and (0-7.57) respectively. The Aflatoxin level from the non-grazing cows ranged from (14.2- 28.96) Sululta, (3.28-42.87) Debereberhan and (3.21-43.47)in Bishoftu. The milk samples that were collected from Addis Ababa city had ranged from aflatoxin concentration of (2.34-76.07). One way anova results indicate that the mean value of cow’s that were grazing is significantly different (P<0.05) from the milk samples of cow’s that were non-grazing and milk collected from Addis Ababa.KAP results indicated negative relation between knowledge and aflatoxin concentration whereas practice had positive relation. These results suggest that mitigation should focus on type of feed and feed handling. Furthermore comprehensive and well-integrated approach needs to follow the value chain actors to manage aflatoxin risks and to pull aflatoxins out of human food chains. . Key Words: milk,;Aflatoxin; grazing, non grazing; Immunoaffinity column;HPLC; value chain
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    Food Waste Management in Some Selected Hotels at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and their Consequences.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Nemera, Teferi; Desse, Gulelat (Professor); Bekele, Tilahun (Assistant Professor)
    Background: Food waste comprises a significant portion of waste stream hotels, contributing to ecological damages and nutritional losses. Guided by a systems approach, this study assesses, and characterizes food waste and also investigate microbial load in food waste from hotels in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia using 1978–2016 Publications, personal interviews and instruments. Method: A total of 5 kg and 5 liter samples of food waste were aseptically collected from 12 points of a trigonaly disposed in a sterilized polyethylene bags from the randomly selected hotels in Addis Ababa And analyzed for their load of microbial groups using Gram staining KOH test microbiological method. The presence of Biological oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand and their physical parameters were also determined Result: About 66,600 tones of food waste were generated per a year from Addis Ababa city. Of all about 97% was generated during food preparation and 3% by consumers. But waste contains high amount of total solids, dissolved solids, and suspended solids, volatile solids, Total Kjeldahl nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus, sulphur, BOD and COD. Its microbial counts ranged from 1.1x1023 CFU/ml to 1.3x1023 CFU/ml and high amount of gram negative bacteria Conclusion: The 107 CFU/ml represents an index of spoilage and 108 CFU/ml represents odour development. Therefore; the food waste did not fit for human consumption. And there is no any treatment; 100% of it was land filled. But it can be minimized to zero level or converted in to other products. KEY WORDS: Food waste; hotel; Addis Ababa;Microbial.