Browsing by Author "Behaylu Yibe"

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    Neonatal Seizure Pattern, Short-Term Outcomes and Predictors among Nicu Admissions in Ethiopia: A Multicenter Cross Sectional Prospective Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-09-02) Tazebew Tilahun; Ayalew Moges; Behaylu Yibe; Jemal Haidar
    Background: During neonatal period seizure is one most common presentation .Presentation and type is different from elder children.It have high risk of mortality as well as morbidity with high risk of neurological impairment or future epilepsy. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, meningitis,hypoglycemia,and hypocalcaemia account the majority causes of neonatal seizure .However little is investigated about outcomes of neonatal seizure in Ethiopia . Objective: To describe neonatal seizure pattern, short term outcomes and its predictors among neonates with seizure admitted to NICU’sofTikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Yekatit 12 and Gandhi memorial hospital, AddisAbaba,Ethiopia. Methodology:A Multicenterinstitutional-based cross sectional prospective study wasdone among newborns with neonatal seizure admitted to Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Yekatit 12, and Gandhi Hospital from January 1 ,2025toSeptember 1, 2025.Data were collected using an adopted form of standard with pretested, structuredquestionnaires. Data were entered using SPSS version 27 and analayed with SPSS 27 after checking for missing values .Descriptive statistics like mean, median and mode were used to summarize descriptive data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed and variables with p-value of < 0.25 were included for multivariate logistic regression. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval were estimated to identify the strength of association. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value <0.05. Results:All of neonates with neonatal seizure were included with 100% response rate .The study found that 30 (27.8%) (95% CI: 22.2, 36.9) had poor neonatal seizure short-term outcomes. The study revealed that low 5th minute APGAR score (AOR=15.8, [95% CI: 1.06, 23.6]), history of neonatal resuscitation (AOR=6.58 [95% CI: 1.25, 34.6]), presence of prolonged labor (AOR=5.92, [95% CI: 1.13, 30.8]), and multiple episodes of seizure attacks (AOR= 11.3 [95% CI :1.73, 47.9]) were predictors of poor neonatal seizure outcomes. Conclusion:More than one-fourth of neonates with seizures experienced poor neonatal seizure outcomes. Low5th minute APGAR scores, a history of neonatal resuscitation, prolonged labor, and multiple episodes of seizure were predictors of poor neonatal seizure outcomes. This finding emphasizes the critical need for correcting these risk factors. A coordinated effort by various stakeholders is essential to implement strategies that improve neonatal seizure outcomes.
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    Prevalence and Associated Factors of Phenytoin Induced Gingival Over growth (Pigo) among Children Receiving Phenytoin Treatment in Selected Addis Ababa Governmental Hospitals,Ethiopia, Cross-Sectional Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-02-05) GebreEgziabher Kassa; Behaylu Yibe
    Gingival overgrowth (GO) is a frequent complication associated with various medications, including anticonvulsants such as phenytoin, which is a medication commonly prescribed to treat epilepsy. Other drugs, such as immunosuppressant and calcium channel blockers can also cause GO. Phenytoin is a particularly concerning medication, as it is estimated that 30–50% of patients taking it experience significant gum enlargement. This side effect, known as phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth (PIGO), can cause considerable cosmetic and functional problems, especially for children, because phenytoin remains widely used, particularly in developing countries. This is reflected in research conducted at Tikur Anbessa Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Among children with epilepsy who were on monotherapy, phenytoin was the most commonly used medication, accounting for 33.6% of the cases. This study investigated the prevalence of PIGO and associated factors among children in Addis Ababa-selected governmental hospitals, which is highly relevant. Objectives This study aims to address the prevalence and associated factors of phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth (PIGO) among children receiving phenytoin treatment in selected Addis Ababa governmental hospitals, in Ethiopia. Methodology This study was conducted using a hospital-based cross-sectional study design from August 2024 to January 2025 GC at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Yekatit 12 Hospital pediatric neurology follow-up clinics. Using a single population proportion formula with 95% confidence and 5% precision, the required sample size was 328. The data were entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27 (SPSS) for subsequent descriptive and analytical statistical analysis where applicable. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the data, and the results were presented using tables and figures. All variables were included in the bivariate logistic regression analysis. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.2 were further considered for multivariate logistic regression to identify potential predictors of PIGO. A statistically significant association was defined as a p-value of < 0.000, AOR = 5.704, 95% CI = 3.060–10.633). Additionally, children using other AEDs had a 3.26-fold higher risk than those on phenytoin alone (p < 0.000, AOR = 3.259). Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of PIGO was 52%, slightly above half .Age, duration of phenytoin use, dosage, and the use of additional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were identified as significant predictors of PIGO.
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    The Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pediatric Resident on the Primary Headache Pre and Post Educational Intervention, 2021
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-12-15) Behaylu Yibe; Ayalew Moges,
    Headache is a common complaint among children and adolescents and is the most common referral to neurology practices, with migraine being one of the top five neurological diseases of childhood. However, it is frequently ignored by parents, teachers, and primary care providers as a significant problem, resulting in suffering in children, lost school days and impaired social interactions. It is essential for clinicians to have a thorough and systematic approach to the evaluation and management of headaches in this population as the proper diagnosis and management can lead to improved outcomes and quality of life. OBJECTIVE To assess pediatric residents’ knowledge, attitude, and practice on the evaluation and management of pediatric patients with primary headache and assess changes acquired from educational intervention on the prevalence, evaluation, and management of primary headache.. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data collected from October 1, 2021, to November 31, 2021, from 122 residents working in the pediatrics residency program from Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital (TASH), St Paul Millineum Medical College (SPMMC), Arsi University College of Health Science(AUCHS), Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College(Y12HMC). They were required to fill out a self-administered questionnaire in English via Google Form (an online survey administration software) designed to assess sociodemographic characteristics, attitude, knowledge and practice on diagnosis and management of primary headache. After completion of the questionnaire, they were shown a video of 1 hour and 10 minutes that was prepared by the investigator on primary headache prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and management. There were discussion, question and answer, vignettes in between the video presentation among the participants and the primary investigator (pediatrics neurology fellow) in person and via Google Meet (online video interactive platform). A summary of the presentation is shared via PDF document and allows the participant to go through the document fo