Browsing by Author "Befekadu, Endalkachew"

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    Determination of Hematological Parameters Reference Interval for Apparently Healthy Population aged 15 to 60 years in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-07) Befekadu, Endalkachew; Tsegaye, Aster (MSc, PhD); Tamir, Zemenuir (MSc, PhD fellow)
    Background: Complete blood count (CBC) reference intervals were essential for effectively diagnosing diseases, measuring drug toxicity or side effects, disease staging and monitoring of response to treatment, therapeutic management decision, or other physiological assessment in the clinical laboratory and assessing overall health. They may also be used in clinical trials as a guide to set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Factors such as genetics, dietary patterns, gender, age, ethnic origin, altitude, pregnancy, and geographical factors and geochemical and environmental pathogens were known to influence hematological reference intervals (RIs). Hence, there is a need to determine locally relevant hematological reference intervals. Objectives: To determine hematological parameters reference intervals for apparently healthy population aged 15 to 60 years in Addis Ababa. Methods: A cross- sectional community based study consisting 790 males and females (pregnant and non-pregnant) at household level was conducted from January to May 2019 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.. A complete blood count (CBC) was performed using Sysmex XT1800i automated hematology analyzer. The non-parametric test as per the CLSI guide was used to determine the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. SPSS-IBM version 24 statistical software was used for data entry and analysis. Differences among groups were tested and level of significanc was set at P value less than 0.05. Result: Males comprise 262, and 346 non-pregnant females and 182 pregnant women were included. The 2.5 th and 97.5 th RIs determined were somehow inconsistent with the RI currently in use. RBC count, Hgb, HCT and MCHC were significantly higher in males than females while median value for MCV, MCH, RDW-CV and RDW-SD values were higher in females than males. Non-pregnant females had significantly higher median PLT count and PCT than males and pregnant women. Pregnant women had significantly higher median PDW, MPV, P-LCR than their non-pregnant counterparts and males. A decrease in RBC parameters and increase in WBC count was observed with increasing trimester. Conclusion: As differences were noted with the company derived RIs and other population groups, the current RI needs to be in use in Addis Ababa.
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    Relapse of severe acute malnutrition in children’s discharged from outpatient therapeutic program and its associated factors in Gambella region, south west, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-06) Befekadu, Endalkachew; Dr.Darge, Tefera (PhD); Dr.Desalegh, Yakob(MD, MPH)
    Background: Severe acute malnutrition affects millions of children in low-and middle-income countries. Currently, children with severe acute malnutrition without complication are treated in the outpatient therapeutic program and the program has been reported to be effective as it achieves internationally agreed standards for recovery rate. However, relapse post-discharge from the program is poorly defined, scarcely evaluated across programs and research. Objective: The study aimed to assess the magnitude of severe acute malnutrition among children (6-59 months) of age who have been discharged from the outpatient therapeutic program as cured and its associated factors in the Gambella region, South West Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 208 children aged 6-59 months who have been discharged from the outpatient therapeutic program as cured between January, 2019-January, 2020 and their caregivers. The data was collected from April; 2020 to June; 2020 and children were assessed after a median (inter-quartile range) of 6 (4-9) months of recovery. Caregivers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and were asked to bring children to health facilities to take the anthropometric measurement and to examine them for oedema. Anthropometric measurements including, weight and height were measured and then, anthropometric indices was calculated using Anthro software version 3.2.2. The collected data were entered in Epi-data version 4.4.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Result: Out of the sampled children, the magnitude of severe acute malnutrition relapse using weight-for-height (WHZ) <-3 z-score was 10.1% (95% CI: 5.8-14%). Upon multivariable logistic regression analysis, children with mothers who had not obtained any IYCF education (AOR: 5.7, 95% CI, (1.3-26.9), children’s who were not fully vaccinated for their age (AOR: 8, 95% CI, 1.8-34.8), and children with MUAC at discharge of <12.5 cm (AOR: 4.4, 95% CI: 1.118.8) had higher odds of severe acute malnutrition post-discharge than their counterparts. Conclusion: The study found that; the magnitude of severe acute malnutrition in children discharged as cured was high. And children, with mothers who had not obtained any IYCF education, who were not fully vaccinated for their age and whose MUAC at discharge below 12.5 cm had higher odds of severe acute malnutrition post-discharge. Therefore, the current study finding suggests that; to limit relapse programs should avoid premature discharge before a MUAC of <12.5 cm and periodic monitoring of discharged children should be organized.