Browsing by Author "Assefa Solomon"

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    The Effects of Capital Structure on Financial Performance: The Case of Insurance Companies of Ethiopia
    (A.A.U, 2021-05) Assefa Solomon; Abitie Asres
    Empirical studies over the effect of Capital structure on financial performance are inclusive and need further investigation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of capital structure on financial performance of 17 insurance companies in Ethiopia over the past ten (10) years period from 2008 to 2017 using secondary data collected from financial statements of the insurance companies. In this study ROA and ROE were used as performance measures while growth, liquidity, firm size, and tangibility were used as capital structure measures. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools were employed to analyze the data. The study revealed that Liquidity, Size, and growth made a statistically significant contribution in predicting ROA while Liquidity, Tangibility, and Size were the significant predictors of ROE. From these findings, we can conclude that size, liquidity, growth, and tangibility of insurance companies are important capital structure variables that contribute towards better financial performances of insurance companies in Ethiopia. Based on the findings, important recommendations are made that include working on tangibility, liquidity, size, and growth to improve their financial performances.
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    Prevalence of Group B Streptococci Colonization and Susceptibility Pattern Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Clinics Of Health Institutions, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-12) Assefa Solomon; Desta Kassu
    Background: Group B Streptococci (GBS) is the leading cause of septicemia, meningitis andpneumonia in neonates. Maternal colonization with GBS is the principal risk factor for early-onset of invasive GBS disease in infants. GBS is now recognized to be an important cause ofmaternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world; however, it has beenlittle studied in Ethiopia. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of GBS colonization, antibiotic susceptibility patternand identify risk factors related to GBS among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinicsof Health Institutions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional prospective study was conducted from May-August, 2014.Consented participants’ information was collected using structured questionnaire. A total of 281vaginal swabs were collected by consecutive sampling technique and inoculated into ToddHewitt Broth and later sub cultured on 5% blood agar for isolation of GBS. Antimicrobialsusceptibility testing was performed according to the criteria of the clinical and laboratorystandard institute (CLSI) guidelines 2013 by disk diffusion method. Data was entered andanalysed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Chi-square test and binary logistic regressionanalysis were used. A 95 % CI and P- value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result: The overall prevalence of GBS colonization among pregnant women was 14.6%(41/281). GBS colonization was significantly associated with health institutions and inverselyrelated with history of contraceptive use (P<0.05). All GBS isolated were susceptible tochloramphenicol. Resistance to tetracycline, cefotaxime, clindamycin, penicillin, vancomycin,ampicillin and erythromycin was 90.2%, 34.1%, 26.8%, 19.5%, 17%, 14.6% and 7.5%respectively. Conclusion and Recommendation: There was high isolation frequency of GBS colonization(14.6%) and resistance to the commonly used antibiotics which suggests the importance of thescreening of GBS colonization in pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation and testing theirantimicrobial susceptibilities in order to provide antibiotic prophylaxis. Key words: Group B Streptococci, prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, risk factors