Browsing by Author "Assefa Mulugeta"

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    Determination of common ions and heavy metals in bottled waters consumed in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2008-07) Assefa Mulugeta; Chandravanshi B.S. (Professor)
    Concentration of six trace elements, nine major ions and two physical parameters in six different brands of bottled water obtained from Ethiopia were investigated. For comparison purpose, sample of tap water from Addis Ababa was also analysed. Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Pb, Zn, Na, K, Mg and Ca contents of the drinking water samples were determined by FAAS. Concentrations of F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-and PO43- were determined by IC. The data showed the variation of the investigated parameters in water samples as follows: Fe 0.035-0.086 mg/L, Zn 0.088-0.334 mg/L, Na 2.77-48.03 mg/L, K 1.19-4.40 mg/L, Mg 1.30-3.42 mg/L, Ca 1.63- 11.59 mg/L, F- < 0.20-0.92 mg/L, Cl- 4.84-12.38 mg/L , NO3- < 0.42-8.38 mg/L, SO42- < 0.36- 10.26 mg/L pH 7.35-8.34 and EC 119.7-579.3 μS/cm. Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and PO43- concentrations in all the drinking water samples were below the detection limit. Concentration levels of all the analysed trace metals and common ions investigated in all examined water samples were below the maximum contaminant level prescribed by WHO regulations. Some of the physical parameters, pH and electrical conductivity were determined. pH in all the samples was with in the permissible limit of WHO drinking water quality guidelines. Key Words: FAAS, IC, Bottled Water, Metal, Common Anions, Physical Parameters
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    Development and Competency of Forensic Examination in the Protection of the Rights of the Accused in the Criminal Justice of Ethiopia: Prospects and Challenges (The Case of Homicide in Addis Ababa)
    (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016-08) Assefa Mulugeta; Fasil Mulatu
    The use of forensic science has become a central part of proving or disproving the charge against the accused beyond reasonable doubt. The progress of forensic science has created a wholly new basis of evidentiary value referred to as ‘forensic examination’. In the light of accused rights protection, the purpose of this study is to account on finding of prospects and challenges into development and competency of forensic examination in the criminal justice system of Ethiopia. The study made use of qualitative research method based on literature review, interview, dead court cases, and personal observation to analyze the process of forensic examination and its relevance on the rights of the accused during investigation and prosecution of homicide crime. And also to explore the major issues that arises about the forensic examination. The analysis of this study revealed that the existing forensic examination is poor so far and also it is difficult that depend upon such evidence to protect the rights of the accused and to prove justice of homicide crime beyond reasonable doubt. This shortcoming of forensic examination mainly depend upon lack of specific legal procedure of forensic examination, poor laboratory facility and advanced equipment, shortage of high level skilled forensic experts, and lack of accreditation standards of laboratory. This study provides evidence of look forward to identifying the prospects and challenges of forensic examination regarding accused rights protection in the case of homicide crime and it assist and give guidance to the responsible agency to fill the gap.
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    N-Phenylcinnamohydroxamio Acid as an Analytical Rlagent for Solvent Extraction And Spectrometric Determination Of Vanadium (V)
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 1983-06) Assefa Mulugeta; Chandravanshi B.S. (PhD)
    N-phenylcinnamohydroxamic acid (PORA) has been found to form a convenient extraction system for uRnadium (V) in presence of p-chlorophenol and also in SON media. PORA reacts with vanadium (V) to give a 1:2 complex (having a broad peak around 54-0 nm with 6200 litres/mole/cm). In the presence of an adduct forming substance (p-chlorophenol) synergic extraction of the metal and marked absorbance enhancement into chloroform have been observed on the basis of formation and hyper and bathochromic shift of the hydrophobic species formed. Similar effect is seen in the mixed ligand complex system. The complexes are found to have the composition 1:2:1 or 1:2:2 (V: POUA: PhOR) depending upon the nmount of p-chlorollhenol available during the reaction; and 1:2;2 (V: PORA: bOn) mixed