Browsing by Author "Assefa, Selamawit"
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Item Evaluation of Technical Sustainability of Rural Water Supply Projects in The Amhara Regional State Case Study in South Wollo(Addis Ababa, 2007-02) Assefa, Selamawit; Seleshi, Yilma (PhD)The objective of this study is to evaluate the technical sustainability of rural water supply situation in South Wollo zone in the Amhara Regional State. The evaluation of water supply in selected rural areas is based on desk study of relevant literature and findings of the field assessment on the performance of the water supply systems . The study is carried out in two Woredas of south Wollo zone by visiting 29 water supply schemes. The three types of water supply technologies studied in the thesis are hand dug wells, spring development, and shallow borehole. Inadequate delivery of rural water supply system services, due to so many, difficulties are inhibiting the access of communities to basic Water Supply System infrastructure services. Existing facilities are often poorly constructed and insufficiently maintained, and do not adequately provide urgently needed basic services. The major problems, which are noticed in the sample water supply projects, are structural defects, quality, quantity, non reliability, inconvenience, too much user, lack of maintenance and repair, lack of trained person, attitudinal problem etc. Among the numerous factors that contributed to the poor performance of the schemes, the two key reasons are technical and institutional problems. Poor facilities design, poor construction, and lack of provision for system management and operation and maintenance, Limited policy implementation, Lack of capacity to keep the system running after project completion, poor cooperation between the water agent and users, lack of involvement of the community in the planning and construction process have also compounded the problems In the paper different kinds of water technologies suitable for small villages are discussed as options, by giving attention to VLOM Hand pumps and renewable energy IE solar and wind pumps. The recommendations stress on the need for proper and routine O&M program, need of quality checking and control, importance of cooperation between different water supply implementing agencies, need for encouraging community involvement as the key to ensure project sustainability and reduction of costs, and on implementing systematic and decentralized management and monitoring system of water supply schemes at the village level.Item Humanitarian Relief Operation Practices, Challenges And Performance Of The National Disaster And Risk Management Commission In Crises Management(Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Assefa, Selamawit; Mitiku, Shiferaw (PhD)The objective of the study was to assess the humanitarian relief operation practice, challenge, and performance of the National Disaster and Risk Management Commission in Crisis Management. Specifically, this study intended to explore and empirically test the practice and challenges of the humanitarian relief operation in four phases namely; mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery and to measure the performance of the National Disaster and Risk Management Commission in the Gedio-Guji relief operation. A systematic literature review is made to identify variables and their items to design a structured questionnaire. A total of 70 questionnaires were distributed to resource mobilization and fund administration directorate, logistics directorate, disaster risk reduction directorate, response and rehabilitation directorate, early warning and emergency response directorate and Adama main warehouse of which 63 questionnaires were filled and returned with a response rate of 90 percent. Descriptive statistics like percent, mean and standard deviation were used to describe the practice and the challenges of National Disaster and Risk Management Commissions relief operation, Kendals. Wallis coefficient of concordance of the rank order analysis model is computed to rank the challenges affecting the performance of the National Disaster and Risk Management Commission. Davidson (2006) scorecard model used to evaluate the performance of the Gedio- Guji five round relief operation. The result of the study is triangulated using qualitative data (collected using interview). The result of the analysis shows that the existence of strong practice in the organization, the challenge stated was seen strong. The top three ranked challenges are poor inventory management in the preparedness phase, fund rising problems in the response phase, lack of coordination and collaboration in the preparedness phase respectively. Performance of Gedio- Guji relief operation were measured using the Davidson scored card model and the result shows very low performance in its appeal coverage, delivery took longer than the standard time, financial efficiency was very low for food item, non food item and shelter and total over weighted operation and finally assessment accuracy was overrated for food on the other side it was perfect for non food but as a total over weighted operation was overrated. Finally this study recommends that while performing relief operation during mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery phase National Disaster and Risk Management Commission should take in to account the affected community culture, language, and religion, also focusing in strengthen the relationship between different actors which involves in the relief operation, building and maintaining infrastructure, modernizing inventory management system, working on successful fundraising events, working with different sector on stabilizing security, hiring qualified adequate manpower and using up-to-date information technology towards the successful achievement of the relief operation. The study recommends in order to increase the appeal coverage National Disaster and Risk Management Commission should focus intensively on the appeal coverage at the end of the day donor wont delivery what they haven’t pledged in the first phase, follow up with donors should be continues to increase delivery of relief items with the quantity they have pledged and the delivery time they have promised accurate assessment and verifying of data should be done to minimize the gap between actual spent and budget for relief operation.